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      Year-round dynamics of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi communities in the roots and surrounding soils of Cryptomeria japonica

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          Abstract

          Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) live simultaneously inside and outside of host plant roots for a functional mycorrhizal symbiosis. Still, the year-round dynamics and relationships between soil properties and AMF communities of trees in forest ecosystems remain unclear. We collected paired root and soil samples of the same Cryptomeria japonica trees at two forest sites (five trees at each site) every 2 months over a year. Total DNA was extracted from roots and soil separately and soil physicochemical properties were measured. With Illumina’s next-generation amplicon sequencing targeting the small subunit of fungal ribosomal DNA, we clarified seasonal dynamics of soil properties and AMF communities. Soil pH and total phosphorus showed significant seasonality while total carbon, nitrogen, and C/N did not. Only pH was a good predictor of the composition and dynamics of the AMF community. The total AMF community (roots + soil) showed significant seasonality because of variation from May to September. Root and soil AMF communities were steady year-round, however, with similar species richness but contained significantly different AMF assemblages in any sampling month. Despite the weak seasonality in the communities, the top two dominant OTUs showed significant but different shifts between roots and soils across seasons with strong antagonistic relationships. In conclusion, few dominant AMF taxa are dynamically shifting between the roots and soils of C. japonica to respond to seasonal and phenological variations in their microhabitats. AMF inhabiting forest ecosystems may have high environmental plasticity to sustain a functional symbiosis regardless of seasonal variations that occur in the soil.

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          The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00572-024-01143-x.

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              The online database MaarjAM reveals global and ecosystemic distribution patterns in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomeromycota).

              • Here, we describe a new database, MaarjAM, that summarizes publicly available Glomeromycota DNA sequence data and associated metadata. The goal of the database is to facilitate the description of distribution and richness patterns in this group of fungi. • Small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene sequences and available metadata were collated from all suitable taxonomic and ecological publications. These data have been made accessible in an open-access database (http://maarjam.botany.ut.ee). • Two hundred and eighty-two SSU rRNA gene virtual taxa (VT) were described based on a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of all collated Glomeromycota sequences. Two-thirds of VT showed limited distribution ranges, occurring in single current or historic continents or climatic zones. Those VT that associated with a taxonomically wide range of host plants also tended to have a wide geographical distribution, and vice versa. No relationships were detected between VT richness and latitude, elevation or vascular plant richness. • The collated Glomeromycota molecular diversity data suggest limited distribution ranges in most Glomeromycota taxa and a positive relationship between the width of a taxon's geographical range and its host taxonomic range. Inconsistencies between molecular and traditional taxonomy of Glomeromycota, and shortage of data from major continents and ecosystems, are highlighted.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                geoffroydjotan@yahoo.fr
                Journal
                Mycorrhiza
                Mycorrhiza
                Mycorrhiza
                Springer Berlin Heidelberg (Berlin/Heidelberg )
                0940-6360
                1432-1890
                20 March 2024
                20 March 2024
                2024
                : 34
                : 1-2
                : 119-130
                Affiliations
                Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences (Laboratory of Forest Botany), University of Tokyo, ( https://ror.org/057zh3y96) 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3726-9826
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3281-8846
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9980-3107
                Article
                1143
                10.1007/s00572-024-01143-x
                10998819
                38509266
                5a2d77bb-41e8-4696-8849-e5535d17c3d1
                © The Author(s) 2024

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                : 23 December 2023
                : 7 March 2024
                Funding
                Funded by: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
                Award ID: JP22H02382
                Funded by: The University of Tokyo
                Categories
                Research
                Custom metadata
                © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024

                Plant science & Botany
                forest ecosystem,amf community,seasonal dynamics,soil properties,microbial ecology,next generation sequencing

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