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      Producción de leche con animales mestizos Criollo, complementados con dieta semintegral fresca en condiciones de pastoreo restringido Translated title: Milk production with Criollo crossbreed animals, supplemented with fresh semi-integral diet under restricted grazing conditions

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          Abstract

          Durante dos años, se evaluó el fraccionamiento, una o cuatro veces al día, de la complementación con dieta semintegral fresca a vacunos lecheros con un manejo de pastoreo restringido. Se utilizaron 54 vacas mestizas Criollo, distribuidas aleatoriamente, en dos tratamientos: I) suministro de la dieta semintegral fresca una vez al día y II) suministro de la dieta cuatro veces al día. Los resultados demostraron que al ofertar la dieta semintegral cuatro veces al día, se incrementó (P < 0.05) el consumo de materia seca total en 8.1 y 9.3 %, en relación con el suministro una sola vez al día en las épocas de lluvia y poco lluviosa, respectivamente. Este incremento en el consumo total de materia seca está relacionado directamente con el incremento (P < 0.05) de la dieta semintegral propiamente dicha, que no difiere en su consumo en la época lluviosa, pero este se incrementó en 15.4 % en la poco lluviosa, 7.12 vs. 8.22 kg MS dieta vaca-1 día-1. La producción de leche se incrementó (P < 0.01) en 4.5 y 8.6 %, al suministrar la dieta cuatro veces al día en la época de lluvia y poco lluviosa, respectivamente (7.76 vs 8.11 y 6.07 vs. 6.59 kg vaca-1 día-1, para una y cuatro veces el suministro en el período lluvioso y poco lluvioso, respectivamente). De igual forma, mejoró la calidad de la leche en los componentes estudiados. El trabajo demuestra que el fraccionamiento de la complementación con dieta semintegral fresca incrementa la productividad láctea y mejora la calidad de la leche, sin mostrar efecto en la condición corporal de los animales

          Translated abstract

          During two years, the fractionation, one or four times a day, of the supplementation with fresh semi-integral diet was evaluated in dairy cattle with a restricted grazing management. A total of 54 Criollo crossbreed cows were randomLy distributed in two treatments: I) supply of the fresh semi-integral diet once a day and II) supply of the diet four times a day. The results showed that when the semi-integral diet was offered four times a day, the total dry matter intake increased (P <0.05) in 8.1 and 9.3 %, in relation to the supply once a day in the rainy and dry season, respectively. This increase in the total dry matter intake is directly related to the increase (P <0.05) of the semi-integral diet, which does not differ in its intake in the rainy season, but this increased in15.4 % in the dry season, 7.12 vs. 8.22 kg DM diet cow-1 day-1. The milk production increased (P <0.01) in 4.5 and 8.6 %, when supplying the diet four times a day in the rainy and dry season, respectively (7.76 vs. 8.11 and 6.07 vs. 6.59 kg cow-1 day-1 , for one and four times the supply in the rainy and dry season, respectively).Similarly, the milk quality improved in the studied components. The study shows that the fractionation of the supplementation with fresh semi-integral diet increases the milk productivity and improves the milk quality, without showing effect on the body condition of the animals

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          Invited review: Role of physically effective fiber and estimation of dietary fiber adequacy in high-producing dairy cattle.

          Highly fermentable diets require the inclusion of adequate amounts of fiber to reduce the risk of subacute rumen acidosis (SARA). To assess the adequacy of dietary fiber in dairy cattle, the concept of physically effective neutral detergent fiber (peNDF) has received increasing attention because it amalgamates information on both chemical fiber content and particle size (PS) of the feedstuffs. The nutritional effects of dietary PS and peNDF are complex and involve feed intake behavior (absolute intake and sorting behavior), ruminal mat formation, rumination and salivation, and ruminal motility. Other effects include fermentation characteristics, digesta passage, and nutrient intake and absorption. Moreover, peNDF requirements depend on the fermentability of the starch source (i.e., starch type and endosperm structure). To date, the incomplete understanding of these complex interactions has prevented the establishment of peNDF as a routine method to determine dietary fiber adequacy so far. Therefore, this review is intended to analyze the quantitative effects of and interactions among forage PS, peNDF, and diet fermentability with regard to rumen metabolism and prevention of SARA, and aims to give an overview of the latest achievements in the estimation of dietary fiber adequacy in high-producing dairy cattle. Recently developed models that synthesize the effects of both peNDF and fermentable starch on rumen metabolism appear to provide an appropriate basis for estimation of dietary fiber adequacy in high-producing dairy cows. Data suggest that a period lasting more than 5 to 6h/d during which ruminal pH is 1.18mm (i.e., peNDF(>1.18)) or 18.5% peNDF inclusive particles >8mm (i.e., peNDF(>8)) in the diet (DM basis) are required. However, inclusion of a concentration of peNDF(>8) in the diet beyond 14.9% of diet DM may lower DM intake level. As such, more research is warranted to develop efficient feeding strategies that encourage inclusion of energy-dense diets without the need to increase their content in peNDF above the threshold that leads to lower DM intake. The latter would require strategies that modulate the fermentability characteristics of the diet and promote absorption and metabolic capacity of ruminal epithelia of dairy cows. Copyright © 2012 American Dairy Science Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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            Consequences of genetic selection for increased milk production in European seasonal pasture based systems of milk production

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              Freestall maintenance: effects on lying behavior of dairy cattle.

              In a series of 3 experiments, we documented how sand-bedding depth and distribution changed within freestalls after new bedding was added and the effect of these changes on lying behavior. In experiment 1, we measured changes in bedding depth over a 10-d period at 43 points in 24 freestalls. Change in depth of sand was the greatest the day after new sand was added and decreased over time. Over time, the stall surface became concave, and the deepest part of the stall was at the center. Based on the results of experiment 1, we measured changes in lying behavior when groups of cows had access to freestalls with sand bedding that was 0, 3.5, 5.2, or 6.2 cm at the deepest point, below the curb, while other dimensions remained fixed. We found that daily lying time was 1.15 h shorter in stalls with the lowest levels of bedding compared with stalls filled with bedding. Indeed, for every 1-cm decrease in bedding, cows spent 11 min less time lying down during each 24-h period. In a third experiment, we imposed 4 treatments that reflected the variation in sand depth within stalls: 0, 6.2, 9.9, and 13.7 cm below the curb. Again, lying times reduced with decreasing bedding, such that cows using the stalls with the least amount of bedding (13.7 cm below curb) spent 2.33 h less time per day lying down than when housed with access to freestalls filled with sand (0 cm below curb).
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                cjas
                Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science
                Cuban J. Agric. Sci.
                Editorial del Instituto de Ciencia Animal (Mayabeque, , Cuba )
                0864-0408
                2079-3480
                March 2017
                : 51
                : 1
                : 25-33
                Affiliations
                [02] Guanabacoa La Habana orgnameEmpresa Agropecuaria Bacauranao Cuba
                [01] San José de las Lajas Mayabeque orgnameInstituto de Ciencia Animal Cuba
                Article
                S2079-34802017000100003 S2079-3480(17)05100100003
                59b91dd7-19af-42f4-ad6c-07041d063e32

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 22 May 2017
                : 16 February 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 29, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Cuba

                Categories
                ARTÍCULO ORIGINAL

                calidad,leche,consumo,fraccionamiento,body condition,quality,milk,intake,fractionation,condición corporal

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