Capacidad antioxidante de mieles venezolanas de los géneros Apis, Melipona y Tetragonisca, evaluada por tres métodos

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Abstract

El uso de la miel en medicina tradicional y complementaria/alternativa necesita evidencias para explicar las características bioactivas de este producto de la colmena. Las técnicas analíticas sugeridas por la Comisión del Codex Alimentarius para la inocuidad y los propósitos del control de calidad y de comercialización, no son suficientes para diferenciar este complejo producto de las abejas, aparentemente homogéneo. En este trabajo se midió la capacidad antioxidante de la miel producida por los géneros Apis, Melipona y Trigona de Venezuela, utilizando tres sistemas oxidativos, para probar la eficacia de la miel en la inhibición del anión del superóxido (O2●-), la formación del radical hidroxilo (OH●) y la degradación del benzoato (AOA). Todas las muestras de miel genuina diluida presentaron indicadores antioxidantes más altos que los de la miel artificial y del ácido lipoico utilizado como control antioxidante suave. Sin embargo, la melatonina y la quercetina, los controles antioxidantes potentes usados aquí, fueron mejores limpiadores que las mieles genuinas en los análisis de OH● y del AOA, que son sistemas generadores de radicales hidroxilo. Ésta es la primera vez que se utiliza AOA para determinar la capacidad antioxidante de la miel. Además de su uso para medir características bioactivas, los indicadores de capacidad antioxidante aquí usados podrían proponerse en como análisis para controlar la miel adulterada. El origen entomológico no se relacionó con las características antioxidantes de la miel

Translated abstract

The use of honey in traditional and complementary/alternative medicine needs evidence to explain the bioactive properties of this product from the hive. The analytical techniques of the Codex Alimentarius Commission for safety and trading quality control purposes, are not sufficient to differentiate this apparently homogeneus but complex bee product. In this work, the antioxidant capacity of Apis, Melipona and Trigona honey from Venezuela, was measured within three oxidative systems, to test the effectiveness of honey at scavenging superoxide anion (O2●-) formation, hydroxyl radical (OH●) formation and benzoate degradation (AOA). All the diluted genuine honey samples showed higher antioxidant capacity indicators than those of artificial honey and the mild antioxidant control lipoic acid. However, melatonin and quercetin, the potent antioxidant controls used here, were better scavengers than genuine honeys in the OH● and the AOA assays, which are hydroxyl radical generating systems. This is the first time that AOA is used to determine the honey antioxidant capacity. Besides its use to measure bioactive properties, the antioxidant capacity indicators used here could also become a test to control adulterated honey. The entomological origin was not related to the antioxidant properties of honey

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Flavonoids: antioxidants or signalling molecules?

Robert J Williams, Jeremy P E Spencer, Catherine Rice-Evans (2004)

Many studies are accumulating that report the neuroprotective, cardioprotective, and chemopreventive actions of dietary flavonoids. While there has been a major focus on the antioxidant properties, there is an emerging view that flavonoids, and their in vivo metabolites, do not act as conventional hydrogen-donating antioxidants but may exert modulatory actions in cells through actions at protein kinase and lipid kinase signalling pathways. Flavonoids, and more recently their metabolites, have been reported to act at phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase), Akt/protein kinase B (Akt/PKB), tyrosine kinases, protein kinase C (PKC), and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) signalling cascades. Inhibitory or stimulatory actions at these pathways are likely to affect cellular function profoundly by altering the phosphorylation state of target molecules and by modulating gene expression. A clear understanding of the mechanisms of action of flavonoids, either as antioxidants or modulators of cell signalling, and the influence of their metabolism on these properties are key to the evaluation of these potent biomolecules as anticancer agents, cardioprotectants, and inhibitors of neurodegeneration

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The deoxyribose method: a simple "test-tube" assay for determination of rate constants for reactions of hydroxyl radicals.

Barry Halliwell, John Gutteridge, Okezie I Aruoma (1987)

Hydroxyl radicals, generated by reaction of an iron-EDTA complex with H2O2 in the presence of ascorbic acid, attack deoxyribose to form products that, upon heating with thiobarbituric acid at low pH, yield a pink chromogen. Added hydroxyl radical "scavengers" compete with deoxyribose for the hydroxyl radicals produced and diminish chromogen formation. A rate constant for reaction of the scavenger with hydroxyl radical can be deduced from the inhibition of color formation. For a wide range of compounds, rate constants obtained in this way are similar to those determined by pulse radiolysis. It is suggested that the deoxyribose assay is a simple and cheap alternative to pulse radiolysis for determination of rate constants for reaction of most biological molecules with hydroxyl radicals. Rate constants for reactions of ATP, ADP, and Good's buffers with hydroxyl radicals have been determined by this method.