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      Systematic Review of Endocan as a Potential Biomarker of COVID-19

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          Abstract

          Since the start of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, several biomarkers have been proposed to assess the diagnosis and prognosis of this disease. The present systematic review evaluated endocan (a marker of endothelial cell damage) as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for COVID-19. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase were searched for studies comparing circulating endocan levels between COVID-19 cases and controls, and/or different severities/complications of COVID-19. Eight studies (686 individuals) were included, from which four reported significantly higher levels of endocan in COVID-19 cases compared with healthy controls. More severe disease was also associated with higher endocan levels in some of the studies. Studies reported higher endocan levels in patients who died from COVID-19, were admitted to an intensive care unit, and had COVID-19-related complications. Endocan also acted as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker with different cut-offs. In conclusion, endocan could be a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for COVID-19. Further studies with larger sample sizes are warranted to evaluate this role of endocan.

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          Is Open Access

          The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews

          The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, published in 2009, was designed to help systematic reviewers transparently report why the review was done, what the authors did, and what they found. Over the past decade, advances in systematic review methodology and terminology have necessitated an update to the guideline. The PRISMA 2020 statement replaces the 2009 statement and includes new reporting guidance that reflects advances in methods to identify, select, appraise, and synthesise studies. The structure and presentation of the items have been modified to facilitate implementation. In this article, we present the PRISMA 2020 27-item checklist, an expanded checklist that details reporting recommendations for each item, the PRISMA 2020 abstract checklist, and the revised flow diagrams for original and updated reviews.
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            Pulmonary Vascular Endothelialitis, Thrombosis, and Angiogenesis in Covid-19

            Progressive respiratory failure is the primary cause of death in the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic. Despite widespread interest in the pathophysiology of the disease, relatively little is known about the associated morphologic and molecular changes in the peripheral lung of patients who die from Covid-19.
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              Is Open Access

              Estimating the sample mean and standard deviation from the sample size, median, range and/or interquartile range

              Background In systematic reviews and meta-analysis, researchers often pool the results of the sample mean and standard deviation from a set of similar clinical trials. A number of the trials, however, reported the study using the median, the minimum and maximum values, and/or the first and third quartiles. Hence, in order to combine results, one may have to estimate the sample mean and standard deviation for such trials. Methods In this paper, we propose to improve the existing literature in several directions. First, we show that the sample standard deviation estimation in Hozo et al.’s method (BMC Med Res Methodol 5:13, 2005) has some serious limitations and is always less satisfactory in practice. Inspired by this, we propose a new estimation method by incorporating the sample size. Second, we systematically study the sample mean and standard deviation estimation problem under several other interesting settings where the interquartile range is also available for the trials. Results We demonstrate the performance of the proposed methods through simulation studies for the three frequently encountered scenarios, respectively. For the first two scenarios, our method greatly improves existing methods and provides a nearly unbiased estimate of the true sample standard deviation for normal data and a slightly biased estimate for skewed data. For the third scenario, our method still performs very well for both normal data and skewed data. Furthermore, we compare the estimators of the sample mean and standard deviation under all three scenarios and present some suggestions on which scenario is preferred in real-world applications. Conclusions In this paper, we discuss different approximation methods in the estimation of the sample mean and standard deviation and propose some new estimation methods to improve the existing literature. We conclude our work with a summary table (an Excel spread sheet including all formulas) that serves as a comprehensive guidance for performing meta-analysis in different situations. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2288-14-135) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Angiology
                Angiology
                spang
                ANG
                Angiology
                SAGE Publications (Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA )
                0003-3197
                1940-1574
                21 January 2023
                21 January 2023
                : 00033197231152941
                Affiliations
                [1 ]School of Medicine, Ringgold 48439, universityTehran University of Medical Sciences; , Tehran, Iran
                [2 ]Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Ringgold 48439, universityTehran University of Medical Sciences; , Tehran, Iran
                [3 ]Department of Internal Medicine, Ringgold 440172, universityAdventHealth Orlando Hospital; , FL, USA
                Author notes
                [*]Amir Hossein Behnoush, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poursina St, Keshavarz Blvd., Tehran 1417613151, Iran. Email: amirhossein.behnoush@ 123456gmail.com
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9955-4227
                Article
                10.1177_00033197231152941
                10.1177/00033197231152941
                9895317
                36680504
                58e224a8-886e-418d-9a90-e3c138a5d931
                © The Author(s) 2023

                This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic or until permissions are revoked in writing. Upon expiration of these permissions, PMC is granted a perpetual license to make this article available via PMC and Europe PMC, consistent with existing copyright protections.

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                endocan,covid-19,endothelial cell-specific molecule-1,esm-1,systematic review

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