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      Os vírus linfotrópicos de células T humanos (HTLV) na última década (1990-2000): aspectos epidemiológicos Translated title: Human T-cell lymphotropic viruses (HTLV) in the last decade (1990-2000): epidemiological aspects

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          Abstract

          Vinte anos após o isolamento do vírus linfotrópico humano tipo I, muitos aspectos epidemiológicos, patogênicos e filogenéticos já estão esclarecidos. Sabe-se que em regiões endêmicas a prevalência aumenta com a idade e é maior no sexo feminino. Três patologias estão claramente relacionadas a ele: paraparesia espástica tropical / mielopatia associada ao HTLV, leucemia de células T do adulto e uveíte. Os modos de infecção, semelhantes aos dos outros retrovírus, são: transfusão de sangue, relações sexuais não protegidas, transplacentária e durante o aleitamento materno. A história natural das doenças relacionadas ao HTLV-I ainda não está bem estabelecida. O risco de portadores da infecção desenvolverem patologias depende de mais estudos de incidência para serem corretamente estimados. Menos se conhece sobre o HTLV-II. A despeito do alto grau de homologia entre os dois tipos, os vírus interagem de forma bem diversa com os infectados, não havendo uma associação clara de doença com o HTLV-II. Relatos recentes têm apontado sua participação em casos de mielopatia crônica semelhante à TSP/HAM. As implicações incertas do prognóstico para pessoas infectadas pelo vírus linfotrópico humano (HTLV-I/II) e suas formas de transmissão constituem um problema de saúde pública, principalmente em áreas consideradas endêmicas para esse vírus.

          Translated abstract

          Twenty years after the discovery of the human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I, quite great progress has been achieved and many epidemiological, clinical and phylogenetic features are well known. Seroprevalence increases with age in endemic regions and is higher in women. Three diseases are clearly associated to the virus: tropical spastic paraparesis/myelophathy, adult T cell leukemia and uveitis. The transmission is similar to other retroviruses: contact with contaminated blood, sexual intercourse, and mother to child transmission, mainly through breastfeeding. The natural history of diseases associated to the human lymphotropic virus has not been well established yet. Further studies are required to estimate correctly the risk of infected carriers developing diseases in their life-time. In the last 5 years, reports have pointed towards the association of a syndrome like tropical spastic paraparesis and the human lymphotropic virus type II. The uncertain prognosis for people infected with both types of viruses and the transmission through sexual contact, blood transfusion and from mother to child make this infection a public health problem, mainly in endemic regions.

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          Magnitude of the problem of childhood pneumonia.

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            The epidemiology of the human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type I and type II: etiologic role in human disease.

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              Health effects of human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) in a Jamaican cohort.

              Other than adult T-cell leukaemia (ATL) and HTLV-I associated myelopathy (HAM), the health effects of infection with human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) are not well defined. A cohort of 201 confirmed HTLV-I seropositive Jamaican food service workers and 225 seronegative controls of similar age and sex from the same population was examined. A health questionnaire, physical examination, and laboratory tests were performed at enrollment into the cohort in 1987-1988. One of 201 HTLV-I seropositives, but no controls were diagnosed with HAM, for a prevalence of 0.5% (95% confidence interval) (CI) 0.01-2.7%); no cases of ATL were diagnosed. While there was no difference in current symptoms, the HTLV-I seropositive group was more likely to report a past medical history of hepatitis or jaundice (OR = 3.49, 95% CI: 0.93-13.08), malaria (OR = 2.13, 95% CI: 0.96-4.73), and dengue fever (OR = 1.37, 95% CI: 0.82-2.29); however, these differences were of borderline statistical significance. Low income HTLV-I seropositive women had lower body weight (P < 0.01) and body mass index (P < 0.009) than their seronegative counterparts; similar differences were seen in the smaller male group. A trend toward higher prevalence of severe anaemia (haemoglobin < 10 g/dl) (12.6% versus 7.7%, P < 0.105) and a significantly lower prevalence of eosinophilia (1.0% versus 6.3%, P < 0.004) was seen among HTLV-I seropositives compared to controls. Although most HTLV-I seropositives are asymptomatic, HAM may be diagnosed in approximately 0.5% of carriers. Chronic HTLV-I infection may also exert subtle effects on body mass and haematological parameters.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rbepid
                Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia
                Rev. bras. epidemiol.
                Associação Brasileira de Pós -Graduação em Saúde Coletiva (São Paulo )
                1415-790X
                August 2001
                : 4
                : 2
                : 81-95
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Fundação Centro de Hematologia e Hemoterapia de Minas Gerais Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Brazil
                [3 ] Fundação Centro de Hematologia e Hemoterapia de Minas Gerais Brazil
                Article
                S1415-790X2001000200003
                10.1590/s1415-790x2001000200003
                58ce80e6-0c61-4b58-aa4a-22fd5e3fdcdb

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1415-790X&lng=en
                Categories
                Health Policy & Services

                Public health
                HTLV-I/II,Prevalence,Epidemiology,Public health,Prevalência,Epidemiologia,Saúde pública
                Public health
                HTLV-I/II, Prevalence, Epidemiology, Public health, Prevalência, Epidemiologia, Saúde pública

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