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      Growth and gas changes of melon seedlings submitted to water salinity Translated title: Crescimento e trocas gasosas de mudas de meloeiro submetidas à salinidade da água

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT The melon is an outstanding fruit crop in Brazil, mainly in the Northeast region due to favorable conditions for cultivation. Water salinity affects the growth and production of several species, but there is tolerance among cultivars of the same species. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth and gas exchange in melon seedlings subjected to water salinity. Experiment was carried out in a greenhouse belonging to the Center of Sciences and Agri-Food Technology, Federal University of Campina Grande, Pombal, PB, Brazil, from September to October 2016. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design in a 6 x 5 factorial scheme, with four replicates, for six cultivars of melon (Natal, Solares, Goldex, Iracema, Mandacaru and Amarelo Ouro) and five irrigation water salinity levels with the following electrical conductivities: 0.3, 1.1, 1.9, 2.7 and 3.5 dS m-1. Each experimental unit consisted of a polypropylene container with a volume capacity of 0.350 dm3, which contained soil + Basaplant® commercial substrate at a ratio of 2:1. At 25 days after sowing, the plants were evaluated for growth, gas exchange and dry mass accumulation. Increased salinity of irrigation water inhibits the growth, dry mass accumulation and physiological processes of melon cultivars. The cultivar Natal showed to be more tolerant, while the cultivars Solares, Goldex, Iracema and Mandacaru were moderately sensitive and the cultivar Amarelo Ouro was more sensitive to the salinity of irrigation water.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO O meloeiro é uma olerícola de destaque no Brasil, principalmente no Nordeste pelas condições edafoclimaticas favoráveis para cultivo. A salinidade da água acomete o crescimento e produção de diversas espécies, porém há tolerância entre cultivares de uma mesma espécie. Com isso, objetivou-se estudar o crescimento e as trocas gasosas em mudas de meloeiro submetidas à salinidade da água. Foi desenvolvido experimento em casa de vegetação pertencente ao Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia Agroalimentar, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, município de Pombal, PB, no período de setembro a outubro de 2016. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 6 x 5, com quatro repetições, relativo a seis cultivares de meloeiro (Natal, Solares, Goldex, Iracema, Mandacaru e Amarelo Ouro) e cinco níveis de salinidade da água de irrigação, com as seguintes condutividades elétricas: 0,3; 1,1; 1,9; 2,7 e 3,5 dS m-1. Cada unidade experimental foi constituída de um recipiente de polipropileno com capacidade volumétrica de 0,350 dm3, no qual foram acondicionados solo + substrato comercial Basaplant® na proporção de 2:1. Aos 25 dias após a semeadura as plantas foram avaliadas quanto ao crescimento, trocas gasosas e acúmulo de massa seca. O aumento da salinidade da água de irrigação inibe o crescimento, acúmulo de massa seca e os processos fisiológicos dos cultivares de meloeiro. O cultivar Natal demonstrou ser mais tolerante, enquanto os cultivares Solares, Goldex, Iracema e Mandacaru demonstraram moderadamente sensíveis e o cultivar Amarelo Ouro mais sensível a salinidade da água de irrigação.

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          Effect of salinity stress on plants and its tolerance strategies: a review.

          The environmental stress is a major area of scientific concern because it constraints plant as well as crop productivity. This situation has been further worsened by anthropogenic activities. Therefore, there is a much scientific saddle on researchers to enhance crop productivity under environmental stress in order to cope with the increasing food demands. The abiotic stresses such as salinity, drought, cold, and heat negatively influence the survival, biomass production and yield of staple food crops. According to an estimate of FAO, over 6% of the world's land is affected by salinity. Thus, salinity stress appears to be a major constraint to plant and crop productivity. Here, we review our understanding of salinity impact on various aspects of plant metabolism and its tolerance strategies in plants.
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            Rendimento quântico e trocas gasosas em maracujazeiro amarelo sob salinidade hídrica, biofertilização e cobertura morta

            Um experimento foi conduzido a céu aberto no município de Remígio, PB, para se avaliar as respostas do maracujazeiro amarelo relacionadas à eficiência fotossintética e trocas gasosas. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, no esquema fatorial 2 x 2 x 2, referente à irrigação com água não salina (0,5 dS m-1) e salina (4,5 dS m-1), sem e com biofertilizante bovino, sem e com cobertura morta, com três repetições e três plantas por parcela, em recipientes plásticos circulares utilizados como lisímetros de pressão, com 130 dm³ de volume e drenos na parte inferior para a lixiviação do excesso de sais. A irrigação com água de baixa salinidade e aplicação de biofertilizante bovino comum estimularam a eficiência fotossintética das plantas. O uso simultâneo de água de alta salinidade, biofertilizante e cobertura morta reduziram a condutância estomática do maracujazeiro amarelo. As plantas sob estresse salino apresentaram atividade fotoquímica do fotossistema II e fotossíntese líquida inibida.
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              GAS EXCHANGE IN DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF BANANA PRATA IN SEMI-ARID ENVIRONMENT

              ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate gas exchange of banana Prata in two production cycles in semiarid environment. Six cultivars were used as treatments arranged into a completely randomized design with five replications and four plants per plot. For physiological characteristics, it was considered a factorial arrangement of 6x14x2, six cultivars, 14 periods (months), two readings, 8:00 and 14:00 in each period. The rates of gas exchange, the carboxylation efficiency and the instantaneous efficiency of water use were higher at 8:00 and lower at 14:00, with rare exceptions. The ‘BRS Platina’ had a higher leaf temperature, higher transpiration and lower water use efficiency. ‘Prata-Anã’, ‘FHIA-18’ and ‘Maravilha’ expressed lower leaf temperature and lower transpiration. The ‘Maravilha’ is the most efficient in water use. Transpiration increases linearly with the leaf temperature, while the instantaneous efficiency of water use decreases linearly.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rbeaa
                Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental
                Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient.
                Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola - UFCG (Campina Grande, PB, Brazil )
                1415-4366
                1807-1929
                February 2019
                : 23
                : 2
                : 90-96
                Affiliations
                [1] Pombal Paraíba orgnameUniversidade Federal de Campina Grande orgdiv1Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia Agroalimentar orgdiv2Programa de Pós-Graduação em Horticultura Tropical Brazil valeriafernandesbds@ 123456gmail.com
                [3] Pombal Paraíba orgnameUniversidade Federal de Campina Grande orgdiv1Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia Agroalimentar orgdiv2Programa de Ensino Tutorial - Agronomia Brazil genilsondiniz02@ 123456hotmail.com
                [2] Pombal Paraíba orgnameUniversidade Federal de Campina Grande orgdiv1Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências Agrárias Brazil costacc@ 123456ccta.ufcg.edu.br
                Article
                S1415-43662019000200090
                10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v23n2p90-96
                57eabeb7-71a8-42f6-89be-a3837cf24ac4

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 01 February 2018
                : 19 October 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 29, Pages: 7
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                SciELO Brazil

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                Articles

                Cucumis melo L.,cultivares,fisiologia,cultivars,physiology
                Cucumis melo L., cultivares, fisiologia, cultivars, physiology

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