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      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
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      Decreased S100A9 expression alleviates Clostridium perfringens beta2 toxin-induced inflammatory injury in IPEC-J2 cells

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          Abstract

          Background

          S100 calcium-binding protein A9 (S100A9) is a commonly known pro-inflammatory factor involved in various inflammatory responses. Clostridium perfringens ( C. perfringens ) type C is known to cause diarrhea in piglets. However, the role of S100A9 in C. perfringens type C-induced infectious diarrhea is unclear.

          Methods

          Here, the S100A9 gene was overexpressed and knocked down in the IPEC-J2 cells, which were treated with C. perfringens beta2 (CPB2) toxin. The role of S100A9 in CPB2 toxin-induced injury in IPEC-J2 cells was assessed by measuring the levels of inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), cell proliferation, and tight junction-related proteins.

          Results

          The results showed elevated expression of S100A9 in diarrhea-affected piglet tissues, and the elevation of S100A9 expression after CPB2 toxin treatment of IPEC-J2 was time-dependent. In CPB2 toxin-induced IPEC-J2 cells, overexpression of S100A9 had the following effects: the relative expression of inflammatory factors IL-6, IL8, TNF-α, and IL-1β was increased; the ROS levels and LDH viability were significantly increased; cell viability and proliferation were inhibited; the G0/G1 phase cell ratio was significantly increased. Furthermore, overexpression of S100A9 reduced the expression of tight junction proteins in CPB2-induced IPEC-J2 cells. The knockdown of S100A9 had an inverse effect. In conclusion, our results confirmed that S100A9 exacerbated inflammatory injury in CPB2 toxin-induced IPEC-J2 cells, inhibited cell viability and cell proliferation, and disrupted the tight junctions between cells. Thus, decreased S100A9 expression alleviates CPB2 toxin-induced inflammatory injury in IPEC-J2 cells.

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          Most cited references64

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          Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method.

          Kenneth Livak, Thomas D. Schmittgen (2001)
          The two most commonly used methods to analyze data from real-time, quantitative PCR experiments are absolute quantification and relative quantification. Absolute quantification determines the input copy number, usually by relating the PCR signal to a standard curve. Relative quantification relates the PCR signal of the target transcript in a treatment group to that of another sample such as an untreated control. The 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method is a convenient way to analyze the relative changes in gene expression from real-time quantitative PCR experiments. The purpose of this report is to present the derivation, assumptions, and applications of the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method. In addition, we present the derivation and applications of two variations of the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method that may be useful in the analysis of real-time, quantitative PCR data. Copyright 2001 Elsevier Science (USA).
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            S100A8 and S100A9 in inflammation and cancer.

            Christoffer Gebhardt, Julia Németh, Peter Angel … (2006)
            Calprotectin (S100A8/A9), a heterodimer of the two calcium-binding proteins S100A8 and S100A9, was originally discovered as immunogenic protein expressed and secreted by neutrophils. Subsequently, it has emerged as important pro-inflammatory mediator in acute and chronic inflammation. More recently, increased S100A8 and S100A9 levels were also detected in various human cancers, presenting abundant expression in neoplastic tumor cells as well as infiltrating immune cells. Although, many possible functions have been proposed for S100A8/A9, its biological role still remains to be defined. Altogether, its expression and potential cytokine-like function in inflammation and in cancer suggests that S100A8/A9 may play a key role in inflammation-associated cancer.
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              Mrp8 and Mrp14 are endogenous activators of Toll-like receptor 4, promoting lethal, endotoxin-induced shock.

              Thomas Vogl, Klaus Tenbrock, Stephan Ludwig … (2007)
              To identify new components that regulate the inflammatory cascade during sepsis, we characterized the functions of myeloid-related protein-8 (Mrp8, S100A8) and myeloid-related protein-14 (Mrp14, S100A9), two abundant cytoplasmic proteins of phagocytes. We now demonstrate that mice lacking Mrp8-Mrp14 complexes are protected from endotoxin-induced lethal shock and Escherichia coli-induced abdominal sepsis. Both proteins are released during activation of phagocytes, and Mrp8-Mrp14 complexes amplify the endotoxin-triggered inflammatory responses of phagocytes. Mrp8 is the active component that induces intracellular translocation of myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 and activation of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-1 and nuclear factor-kappaB, resulting in elevated expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). Using phagocytes expressing a nonfunctional Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), HEK293 cells transfected with TLR4, CD14 and MD2, and by surface plasmon resonance studies in vitro, we demonstrate that Mrp8 specifically interacts with the TLR4-MD2 complex, thus representing an endogenous ligand of TLR4. Therefore Mrp8-Mrp14 complexes are new inflammatory components that amplify phagocyte activation during sepsis upstream of TNFalpha-dependent effects.
              Article 0 comments Cited 199 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Shuangbao Gun
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): PeerJ
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PeerJ
                Journal ID (publisher-id): PeerJ
                Title: PeerJ
                Publisher: PeerJ Inc. (San Diego, USA )
                ISSN (Electronic): 2167-8359
                Publication date (Electronic): 25 January 2023
                Publication date Collection: 2023
                Volume: 11
                Electronic Location Identifier: e14722
                Affiliations
                [1 ]College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University , Lanzhou, Gansu, China
                [2 ]College of Life Sciences, Longdong University , Qingyang, Gansu, China
                [3 ]Gansu Research Center for Swine Production Engineering and Technology , Lanzhou, Gansu, China
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9467-3406
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8701-0647
                Article
                Publisher ID: 14722
                DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14722
                PMC ID: 9884034
                SO-VID: 57cdac04-e2a6-4cc2-9191-6a0862fddf98
                Copyright © © 2023 Li et al.
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited.

                History
                Date received : 30 September 2022
                Date accepted : 19 December 2022
                Funding
                Funded by: Higher Education Innovation Fund of Gansu Province
                Award ID: 2022B-106
                Funded by: National Natural Science Foundation of China
                Award ID: 31960646
                Funded by: Youth Science and Technology Fund Program of Gansu Province
                Award ID: 20JR5RA005
                Funded by: Protection and Quality Improvement of Gansu Local Pig Germplasm Resources
                Award ID: GSLK-2021-13
                This work was supported by the Higher Education Innovation Fund of Gansu Province (2022B-106), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31960646), the Youth Science and Technology Fund Program of Gansu Province (20JR5RA005), and the Protection and Quality Improvement of Gansu Local Pig Germplasm Resources (GSLK-2021-13). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
                Categories
                Subject: Biochemistry
                Subject: Cell Biology
                Subject: Microbiology
                Subject: Molecular Biology
                Subject: Toxicology

                Keywords: s100a9 gene,piglet diarrhea,clostridium perfringens type c,clostridium perfringens beta2 toxin,inflammatory injury
                Data availability:
                Keywords: s100a9 gene, piglet diarrhea, clostridium perfringens type c, clostridium perfringens beta2 toxin, inflammatory injury

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