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      Burnout em Cuidadores Formais de Idosos e Doentes Crónicos – Atualidades Translated title: Burnout in Formal Caregivers of Elderly and Chronically Ill – Current Affairs

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          Abstract

          Objetivo

          O estudo visa explorar qual das dimensões associadas ao burnout apresenta maior relevância e a influência de fatores ambientais e relacionais no desenvolvimento desta síndrome.

          Método

          Utilizou-se uma metodologia mista. O estudo inclui uma amostra de conveniência com 15 participantes (93.3% do género feminino), selecionados de acordo com critérios de Burnout (n = 7) e índices elevados de Exaustão Emocional (n = 8). A média de idades situa-se entre os 41.6 (SD = 8.92) e 37.2 (SD = 11.54). O Inventário de Burnout de Maslach (MBI-HSS) foi aplicado para a avaliação quantitativa, e a entrevista semiestruturada para explorar indicações clínicas, problemas, aspetos satisfatórios e constrangimentos vividos no trabalho. As entrevistas foram transcritas, codificadas e analisadas através da análise de conteúdo (Bardin, 2011) por um júri de dois investigadores.

          Resultados

          A manifestação clínica do burnout mais frequentemente mencionada foi a exaustão emocional. Os fatores mais frequentemente reportados foram o lidar com a fragilidade do outro, impacto da morte, os conflitos interpessoais, o fraco suporte social, o investimento excessivo no trabalho e o não corresponder às expectativas. Os modelos teóricos que melhor se adequam à compreensão do burnout nesta amostra são os que enfatizam a dinâmica intrapessoal e relacional.

          Conclusão

          A exaustão emocional é a dimensão mais frequentemente referida pelos participantes para a ocorrência de fenómenos de burnout em profissionais que cuidam de população idosa na amostra estudada. No contexto em estudo, fatores como as relações interpessoais e as vivências/significado atribuído ao trabalho parecem ter maior influência no desenvolvimento do burnout, do que fatores organizacionais.

          Translated abstract

          Aim

          The study aims to explore which of the dimensions associated with burnout has greater relevance and the influence of environmental and relational factors in the development of this syndrome.

          Method

          The study has used a mixed methodology. A convenience sample, entailing 15 participants (93.3% female) was selected according burnout criteria (n = 7) and high levels of emotional exhaustion (n = 8). The average age is located between 41.6 (SD = 8.92) and 37.2 (SD = 11.54). The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-HSS) was applied for quantitative assessment and semi-structured interview was used to explore clinical signs, problems, satisfying aspects and the constraints experienced in their work. The interviews were transcribed, coded and analysed by a jury of two researchers, according to content analysis (Bardin, 2011).

          Results

          The clinical manifestation of burnout most often reported was emotional exhaustion. The most commonly reported factors were dealing with the weakness of the other, the impact of death, interpersonal conflicts, poor social support, excessive investment in work and not meeting the expectations. Theoretical models that best suited to the understanding of burnout in this sample are ones emphasising the intrapersonal and relational dynamics.

          Conclusion

          Emotional exhaustion is the most frequently mentioned dimension to the occurrence of phenomena of burnout in professionals who care for elderly people in the study sample. In this context under study, factors such: interpersonal relationships and the experiences/meanings associated with the work, seems to have greater influence in the development of burnout, than organizational factors.

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          Most cited references22

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          The measurement of experienced burnout

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            Job burnout.

            Burnout is a prolonged response to chronic emotional and interpersonal stressors on the job, and is defined by the three dimensions of exhaustion, cynicism, and inefficacy. The past 25 years of research has established the complexity of the construct, and places the individual stress experience within a larger organizational context of people's relation to their work. Recently, the work on burnout has expanded internationally and has led to new conceptual models. The focus on engagement, the positive antithesis of burnout, promises to yield new perspectives on interventions to alleviate burnout. The social focus of burnout, the solid research basis concerning the syndrome, and its specific ties to the work domain make a distinct and valuable contribution to people's health and well-being.
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              Burnout: 35 years of research and practice

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                raragao@clinipinel.com
                Journal
                PCH
                Psychol Community Health
                Psychology, Community & Health
                Psychol. Community Health
                PsychOpen
                2182-438X
                27 November 2015
                : 4
                : 3
                : 132-144
                Affiliations
                [a ]Departamento de Psicologia, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
                [b ]Sociedade Portuguesa de Psicanálise/IPA, Lisboa, Portugal
                [3]UIPES – Psychology & Health Research Unit, ISPA – Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal
                [4]William James Center for Research (WJCR), ISPA – Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal
                Author notes
                [* ]Alameda Dom Afonso Henriques nº 27, 1ºD 1900-198, Lisboa, Portugal. Phone: (+351) 91 7578563. csvicent@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                pch.v4i3.79
                10.5964/pch.v4i3.79
                579ebe01-04b9-428a-8082-0a743f9e8433
                Copyright @ 2015

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 05 September 2013
                : 31 October 2014
                Categories
                Empirical Articles

                Psychology
                chronic illness,emotional exhaustion,síndrome de burnout,exaustão emocional,geriatric,burnout syndrome,prestadores de cuidados,geriatria,social workers,doenças crónicas

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