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      Presentación de un caso clínico de atrofia multisistémica y actualización de criterios diagnósticos: A clinical case presentation Translated title: Multisystem atrophy and diagnostic criteria updating

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          Abstract

          La atrofia multisistèmica constituye un trastorno neurodegenerativo esporádico de etiología no precisada que se caracteriza por parkinsonismo, trastornos cerebelosos, disfunción autonómica y piramidalismo; los hallazgos patológicos comprenden pérdida celular y gliosis en las neuronas estriatonígricas, olivopontocerebelosas y autonómicas; y la presencia de inclusiones intracitoplasmáticas oligodendrogliales y neuronales, ubiquitina, tau y alfasinucleína positivas. Afecta tanto a hombres como a mujeres, con inicio en la sexta década de la vida como promedio y una prevalencia de 4/100 000. Se presentaron los últimos criterios diagnósticos de atrofia multisistémica y el caso clínico de un paciente de 65 años con un cuadro progresivo, de 4 años de evolución, ataxia cerebelosa progresiva, síndrome rígido acinético, disfunción autonómica, signos piramidales y mala respuesta a la levodopa, con imágenes de resonancia magnética que muestran atrofia de vermis, hemisferios cerebelosos, tallo cerebral (puente) e hipointensidad de ambas regiones putaminales en t2. Se concluyó el caso con el diagnóstico de atrofia multisistémica tipo C.

          Translated abstract

          The multisystem atrophy is a sporadic neurodegenerative disorder of unknown origin characterized by parkinsonism, cerebellar disorders, autonomic dysfunction and pyramidal disease, provoked by a cellular loss and gliosis in the nigrostriatal, olivopontocerebellar and autonomic neurons and the presence of oligodendroglia and neuronal intracytoplasmic positive inclusions, ubiquitin, tau and alpha-sinuclein affecting men and women starting as average during the sixth decade of life and a prevalence of 4/100 000. The last diagnostic criteria of multisystem atrophy were showed as well as the clinical case of a patient aged 65 with a progressive picture of 4 years of evolution, progressive cerebellar ataxia, a rigid akinetic syndrome autonomic dysfunction, pyramidal signs and a poor response to levodopa with magnetic resonance images showing vermis atrophy, cerebellar hemispheres, cerebral stem (bridge) and hipointensity of both putamen regions in T2. We conclude that case was diagnosed with type C multisystem atrophy.

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          Most cited references19

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          A Neurological Syndrome Associated with Orthostatic Hypotension

          G. SHY (1960)
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            How to diagnose multiple system atrophy.

            The diagnosis of multiple system atrophy (MSA) in life remains entirely clinical. Consensus diagnostic criteria have been developed, but their use does not particularly render a diagnosis of MSA more accurate than are clinicians' diagnoses. Some patients may not fulfill the stipulated core diagnostic criteria, yet display many so-called red flags pointing toward MSA. The additional usefulness of these red flags and of a variety of investigations currently is being investigated, with a view to some of them being incorporated in future sets of diagnostic criteria.
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              Therapeutic strategies in multiple system atrophy.

              This review provides an update on therapeutic principles and their implications for practical management in multiple system atrophy (MSA), a sporadic neurodegenerative disorder characterized clinically by various combinations of dysautonomia, Parkinsonism, or cerebellar ataxia, often associated with other warning features (red flags), and pathologically by cell loss, gliosis, and glial cytoplasmic inclusions in selected multiple regions of the brain and spinal cord. Because of the small number of randomized controlled trials, the management of MSA is largely based on empirical or open-label evidence. Parkinsonism often shows a poor or unsustained response to chronic levodopa therapy, although more patients than previously recognized may experience an initial moderate-to-good dopaminergic response. There is no effective drug treatment for cerebellar ataxia. However, features of dysautonomia such as orthostatic hypotension, urinary retention or incontinence, constipation, and impotence, may often be relieved if recognized by the treating physician. Because no drug treatment consistently benefits patients with this disease in the long-term, palliative therapies are all the more important. Novel symptomatic and neuroprotective therapies are urgently required.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                med
                Revista Cubana de Medicina
                Rev cubana med
                ECIMED (Ciudad de la Habana )
                1561-302X
                September 2011
                : 50
                : 3
                : 322-332
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Instituto de Neurología y Neurocirugía Dr. José Rafael Estrada Cuba
                Article
                S0034-75232011000300010
                5722808e-63ff-47a7-a7a8-c4b7e8d2ff21

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Cuba

                Self URI (journal page): http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0034-7523&lng=en
                Categories
                MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL
                MEDICINE, LEGAL
                MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL

                Social law,Medicine,Internal medicine
                Multisystem atrophy,Atrofia multisistémica,degeneración estrionígrica,atrofia olivopontocerebelosa,síndrome de Shy Drager,parkinsonismo,alfa sinucleinopatías,strionigral degeneration,olivopontocerebellar atrophy,Shy Drager's syndrome,parkinsonism,alpha-sinucleinopathies

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