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      Características de los sistemas de comunicación de las sospechas de enfermedad profesional en las comunidades autónomas Translated title: Characteristics of Communication Systems of Suspected Occupational Disease in the Autonomous Communities of Spain

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      Revista Española de Salud Pública
      Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar social
      Occupational diseases, Surveillance, Spain, Enfermedades profesionales, Vigilancia epidemiológica, España

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Fundamentos: En algunas comunidades autónomas (CCAA) existen diversas iniciativas para conocer la comunicación de las sospechas de enfermedades profesionales (EP) a las autoridades sanitarias. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir el grado de desarrollo y características de los sistemas puestos en marcha desde las administraciones sanitarias a nivel autonómico. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal para conocer los sistemas de información y vigilancia de las enfermedades laborales, marco legal, institución responsable y disponibilidad de la información. Se celebró una reunión y se diseñó una encuesta que se remitió a todas las CCAA y ciudades autónomas. Se recogió información sobre si existían o no normas reguladoras, asignación de recursos humanos, los profesionales responsables de la notificación, la cobertura y el número de sospechas de EP recibidas, tramitadas y reconocidas. Resultados: Respondieron 17 CCAA y 1 ciudad autónoma. Tenían desarrollados sistemas de comunicación de sospecha de EP 10 de ellas, de los cuales 3 se apoyaban en una norma legal autonómica específica. Los profesionales responsables de la notificación fueron médicos/as de los servicios públicos de salud, de los servicios de prevención y 2 de las inspecciones sanitarias. 7 CCAA disponían de aplicación informática para dar soporte al sistema. La tasa de reconocimiento de EP de las sospechas tramitadas fue del 53% en el País Vasco, del 41% en Castilla-La Mancha, del 36% en Murcia, del 32,6% en la Comunidad Valenciana y 31 % en La Rioja. Conclusiones: El estudio pone de manifiesto un desarrollo desigual de los sistemas de declaración de sospecha de EP en España. Aunque la tendencia es positiva, so lo la mitad de las CCAA tienen algún sistema de comunicación aunque no todos disponen de una aplicación informática para gestionarlo, obteniéndose tasas de reconocimiento de EP desiguales entre las comunidades autónomas.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Background: There are several initiatives to develop systems for the notification of suspected occupational disease (OD) in different autonomous communities in Spain. The objective was to describe the status of development and characteristics of these systems implemented by the health authorities. Methods: A cross - sectional descriptive study was carried out on the existence of systems for the information and surveillance of suspected OD, their legal framework, responsible institution and availability of information. A specific meeting was held and a survey was designed and sent to all autonomous communities and autonomous cities (AACC). Information was collected on the existence of a regulatory standard, assigned human resources, notifiers, coverage and number of suspected OD received, processed and recognized. Results: 18 of 19 AACC responded. 10 have developed a suspected OD notification system, 3 of them supported by specific autonomic law. The notifiers were physicians of the public health services, physicians of the occupational health services and, in 2 cases, medical inspectors. 7 AACC had specific software to support the system. The OD recognition rate of suspected cases was 53% in the Basque Country; 41% in Castilla-La Mancha; 36% in Murcia; 32.6% in the Valencian Community and 31% in La Rioja. Conclusions: The study has revealed an heterogeneous development of suspected OD reporting systems in Spain. Although the trend is positive, only 55% of the AACC have some type of development and 39% have specific software supporting it. Therefore unequal OD recognition rates have been obtained depending on the territory.

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          Conceptual framework of public health surveillance and action and its application in health sector reform

          Background Because both public health surveillance and action are crucial, the authors initiated meetings at regional and national levels to assess and reform surveillance and action systems. These meetings emphasized improved epidemic preparedness, epidemic response, and highlighted standardized assessment and reform. Methods To standardize assessments, the authors designed a conceptual framework for surveillance and action that categorized the framework into eight core and four support activities, measured with indicators. Results In application, country-level reformers measure both the presence and performance of the six core activities comprising public health surveillance (detection, registration, reporting, confirmation, analyses, and feedback) and acute (epidemic-type) and planned (management-type) responses composing the two core activities of public health action. Four support activities – communications, supervision, training, and resource provision – enable these eight core processes. National, multiple systems can then be concurrently assessed at each level for effectiveness, technical efficiency, and cost. Conclusions This approach permits a cost analysis, highlights areas amenable to integration, and provides focused intervention. The final public health model becomes a district-focused, action-oriented integration of core and support activities with enhanced effectiveness, technical efficiency, and cost savings. This reform approach leads to sustained capacity development by an empowerment strategy defined as facilitated, process-oriented action steps transforming staff and the system.
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            A review of occupational disease surveillance systems in Modernet countries

            To improve occupational health public policies and to facilitate coordinated research within the European Union to reduce the incidence of occupational diseases (ODs), it is important to know what OD surveillance systems exist and how they compare. Monitoring trends in occupational diseases and tracing new and emerging risks in a network (Modernet) participants are well placed to provide this information as most either contribute data to and/or are involved in the management of OD systems.
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              Real Decreto Legislativo 8/2015, de 30 de octubre, por el que se aprueba el texto refundido de la Ley General de la Seguridad Social

              (2015)
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                resp
                Revista Española de Salud Pública
                Rev. Esp. Salud Publica
                Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar social (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1135-5727
                2173-9110
                2017
                : 91
                : e201703026
                Affiliations
                [14] Valladolid orgnameConsejería de Sanidad España
                [10] Barcelona orgnameConsejería de Salud España
                [15] Santander orgnameConsejería de Sanidad España
                [8] Murcia orgnameConsejería de Sanidad España
                [3] Pamplona orgnameInstituto de Salud Pública y Laboral de Navarra España
                [12] Madrid orgnameConsejería de Sanidad España
                [9] Toledo orgnameConsejería de Sanidad España
                [6] Logroño orgnameConsejería de Salud España
                [16] Las Palmas orgnameConsejería de Sanidad España
                [13] Sevilla orgnameConsejería de Salud España
                [18] Ceuta orgnameConsejería de Sanidad. Servicios Sociales, Menores e Igualdad España
                [17] Zaragoza orgnameConsejería de Sanidad España
                [11] Mérida orgnameConsejería de Sanidad y Políticas Sociales España
                [5] Oviedo orgnameConsejería de Sanidad España
                [1] Madrid orgnameMinisterio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad España
                [7] Santiago de Compostela orgnameConsejería de Sanidad España
                [2] Bilbao orgnameOsalan España
                [4] Valencia orgnameConsejería de Sanidad Universal y Salud Pública España
                Article
                S1135-57272017000100406 S1135-5727(17)09100000406
                28301455
                56b65489-a97b-4d25-8c03-3896801c9e1e

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 03 March 2017
                : 16 March 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 25, Pages: 0
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                SciELO Public Health

                Categories
                Original

                Spain,Surveillance,Enfermedades profesionales,España,Vigilancia epidemiológica,Occupational diseases

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