Microwave-assisted synthesis of high-quality “all-inorganic” CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) perovskite nanocrystals and their application in light emitting diodes

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Abstract

A fast and efficient microwave-assisted strategy is developed to prepare high-quality CsPbX ₃ nanocrystals with controllable morphologies (nanoplate, nanocube, and nanorod).

Abstract

As an emerging material for optoelectronic applications, cesium lead halide (CsPbX ₃) nanocrystals (NCs) have drawn considerable attention because of their excellent photophysical properties. For the first time, we report a fast and efficient microwave-assisted strategy for the synthesis of high-quality CsPbX ₃ NCs with controllable morphologies (nanocube, nanoplate and nanorod). The prepared CsPbX ₃ nanocubes show high PLQY, approximately 75%, and narrow full width at half maximum emission line (from 9 to 34 nm) covering the entire spectrum of the visible range. Plate-like and rod-like CsPbBr ₃ NCs can also be obtained by attenuating the reaction parameters. A feasible kinetics-controlled growth mechanism of such NCs has been proposed and verified. The as-synthesized CsPbBr ₃ NCs show excellent optical performance as a green light source in a white light emitting diode prototype device. This work not only provides a new synthetic path for the preparation of high-quality CsPbX ₃ NCs, but also sheds some light on the fundamental study and practical applications of such NCs.

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Quantum dot-induced phase stabilization of α-CsPbI3 perovskite for high-efficiency photovoltaics.

Abhishek Swarnkar, Ashley R Marshall, Erin M Sanehira … (2016)

We show nanoscale phase stabilization of CsPbI3 quantum dots (QDs) to low temperatures that can be used as the active component of efficient optoelectronic devices. CsPbI3 is an all-inorganic analog to the hybrid organic cation halide perovskites, but the cubic phase of bulk CsPbI3 (α-CsPbI3)-the variant with desirable band gap-is only stable at high temperatures. We describe the formation of α-CsPbI3 QD films that are phase-stable for months in ambient air. The films exhibit long-range electronic transport and were used to fabricate colloidal perovskite QD photovoltaic cells with an open-circuit voltage of 1.23 volts and efficiency of 10.77%. These devices also function as light-emitting diodes with low turn-on voltage and tunable emission.

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Fast Anion-Exchange in Highly Luminescent Nanocrystals of Cesium Lead Halide Perovskites (CsPbX3, X = Cl, Br, I)

Georgian Nedelcu, Loredana Protesescu, Sergii Yakunin … (2015)

Postsynthetic chemical transformations of colloidal nanocrystals, such as ion-exchange reactions, provide an avenue to compositional fine-tuning or to otherwise inaccessible materials and morphologies. While cation-exchange is facile and commonplace, anion-exchange reactions have not received substantial deployment. Here we report fast, low-temperature, deliberately partial, or complete anion-exchange in highly luminescent semiconductor nanocrystals of cesium lead halide perovskites (CsPbX3, X = Cl, Br, I). By adjusting the halide ratios in the colloidal nanocrystal solution, the bright photoluminescence can be tuned over the entire visible spectral region (410–700 nm) while maintaining high quantum yields of 20–80% and narrow emission line widths of 10–40 nm (from blue to red). Furthermore, fast internanocrystal anion-exchange is demonstrated, leading to uniform CsPb(Cl/Br)3 or CsPb(Br/I)3 compositions simply by mixing CsPbCl3, CsPbBr3, and CsPbI3 nanocrystals in appropriate ratios.