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      Gender Differences in the Interplay between Vitamin D and Microbiota in Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases

      Author(s): , , , ,
      Publication date Created:
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      Journal: Biomedicines
      Publisher: MDPI AG

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          Abstract

          The synergic role of vitamin D and the intestinal microbiota in the regulation of the immune system has been thoroughly described in the literature. Vitamin D deficiency and intestinal dysbiosis have shown a pathogenetic role in the development of numerous immune-mediated and allergic diseases. The physiological processes underlying aging and sex have proven to be capable of having a negative influence both on vitamin D values and the biodiversity of the microbiome. This leads to a global increase in levels of systemic inflammatory markers, with potential implications for all immune-mediated diseases and allergic conditions. Our review aims to collect and analyze the relationship between vitamin D and the intestinal microbiome with the immune system and the diseases associated with it, emphasizing the effect mediated by sexual hormones and aging.

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          Interaction between microbiota and immunity in health and disease

          Danping Zheng, Timur Liwinski, Eran Elinav (2020)
          The interplay between the commensal microbiota and the mammalian immune system development and function includes multifold interactions in homeostasis and disease. The microbiome plays critical roles in the training and development of major components of the host’s innate and adaptive immune system, while the immune system orchestrates the maintenance of key features of host-microbe symbiosis. In a genetically susceptible host, imbalances in microbiota-immunity interactions under defined environmental contexts are believed to contribute to the pathogenesis of a multitude of immune-mediated disorders. Here, we review features of microbiome-immunity crosstalk and their roles in health and disease, while providing examples of molecular mechanisms orchestrating these interactions in the intestine and extra-intestinal organs. We highlight aspects of the current knowledge, challenges and limitations in achieving causal understanding of host immune-microbiome interactions, as well as their impact on immune-mediated diseases, and discuss how these insights may translate towards future development of microbiome-targeted therapeutic interventions.
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            The Impact of Dietary Fiber on Gut Microbiota in Host Health and Disease

            Fredrik Bäckhed, Kassem Makki, Edward C Deehan … (2018)
            Food is a primordial need for our survival and well-being. However, diet is not only essential to maintain human growth, reproduction, and health, but it also modulates and supports the symbiotic microbial communities that colonize the digestive tract-the gut microbiota. Type, quality, and origin of our food shape our gut microbes and affect their composition and function, impacting host-microbe interactions. In this review, we will focus on dietary fibers, which interact directly with gut microbes and lead to the production of key metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids, and discuss how dietary fiber impacts gut microbial ecology, host physiology, and health. Hippocrates' notion "Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food" remains highly relevant millennia later, but requires consideration of how diet can be used for modulation of gut microbial ecology to promote health.
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              Effects of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics on Human Health

              Paulina Markowiak, Katarzyna Śliżewska (2017)
              The human gastrointestinal tract is colonised by a complex ecosystem of microorganisms. Intestinal bacteria are not only commensal, but they also undergo a synbiotic co-evolution along with their host. Beneficial intestinal bacteria have numerous and important functions, e.g., they produce various nutrients for their host, prevent infections caused by intestinal pathogens, and modulate a normal immunological response. Therefore, modification of the intestinal microbiota in order to achieve, restore, and maintain favourable balance in the ecosystem, and the activity of microorganisms present in the gastrointestinal tract is necessary for the improved health condition of the host. The introduction of probiotics, prebiotics, or synbiotics into human diet is favourable for the intestinal microbiota. They may be consumed in the form of raw vegetables and fruit, fermented pickles, or dairy products. Another source may be pharmaceutical formulas and functional food. This paper provides a review of available information and summarises the current knowledge on the effects of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on human health. The mechanism of beneficial action of those substances is discussed, and verified study results proving their efficacy in human nutrition are presented.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Giuseppe Murdaca: (View ORCID Profile)
                Luca Tagliafico: (View ORCID Profile)
                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): BIOMID
                Title: Biomedicines
                Abbreviated Title: Biomedicines
                Publisher: MDPI AG
                ISSN (Electronic): 2227-9059
                Publication date Created: May 2024
                Publication date (Electronic): May 07 2024
                Volume: 12
                Issue: 5
                Page: 1023
                Article
                DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051023
                SO-VID: 55059376-ae43-42e7-a129-37b041f7219f
                Copyright © © 2024
                License:

                https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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