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      The Effect of Health Belief Model-Based Education on Knowledge and Prostate Cancer Screening Behaviors: A Randomized Controlled Trial

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          Abstract

          Background:

          Prostate cancer has been reported as the second leading cause of cancer death among men in 2013. Prevention and early detection of cancer are considered as critical factors in controlling the disease and increasing the survival of patients. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of Health Belief Model (HBM)-based education on knowledge and prostate cancer screening behaviors in a randomized controlled trial.

          Methods:

          This study was a non-blinded randomized controlled trial. We enrolled 210 men aged 50-70. Balanced block randomization method was used to randomize the final participants who had inclusion criteria into intervention (n=93) and control (n=87) groups. The participants of the intervention group attended training workshops based on HBM. Data were collected using three questionnaires, i.e. demographic questionnaire, Prostate Cancer Screening-Health Belief Model Scale (PCS-HBMS), and the Knowledge about Prostate Cancer Screening questionnaire, all given before and immediately one month after the intervention.

          Results:

          The mean scores of the perceived susceptibility, severity, barriers and benefits increased significantly after the intervention (P>0.05) in the intervention group. In the control group, such a difference was reported only for perceived susceptibility (P>0.05). The rate of participation in prostate cancer screening in the intervention group increased from 7.5% to 24% and 43.3% one month and three months after the intervention, respectively.

          Conclusion:

          Our findings showed that the health education programs designed based on HBM could positively affect prostate cancer preventive behaviors of individuals by improving their knowledge level and leaving positive effects on perceived susceptibility and severity as well as considering the perceived barriers, benefits and health motivations.

          Trial Registration Number: IRCT2013090911691N3

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          Most cited references35

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          Instrument development for health belief model constructs.

          V Champion (1984)
          Research was conducted to develop valid and reliable scales to test the Health Belief Model (HBM). The dependent variable chosen for scale development was frequency of breast self-examination. Independent variables were constructs related to the HBM: susceptibility, seriousness, benefits, barriers, and health motivation. Analyses for construct validity and theory testing included factor analysis and multiple regression. Chronbach Alpha and Pearson r were used to compute reliabilities. Scales that were judged valid and reliable were susceptibility, seriousness, benefits, barriers, and health motivation.
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            Cancer Facts & Figures—2013

            (2013)
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              Entertainment education for prostate cancer screening: a randomized trial among primary care patients with low health literacy.

              Robert J Volk, Maria L Jibaja-Weiss, Sarah Hawley … (2008)
              To evaluate an entertainment-based patient decision aid for prostate cancer screening among patients with low or high health literacy. Male primary care patients from two clinical sites, one characterized as serving patients with low health literacy (n=149) and the second as serving patients with high health literacy (n=301), were randomized to receive an entertainment-based decision aid for prostate cancer screening or an audiobooklet-control aid with the same learner content but without the entertainment features. Postintervention and 2-week follow-up assessments were conducted. Patients at the low-literacy site were more engaged with the entertainment-based aid than patients at the high-literacy site. Overall, knowledge improved for all patients. Among patients at the low-literacy site, the entertainment-based aid was associated with lower decisional conflict and greater self-advocacy (i.e., mastering and obtaining information about screening) when compared to patients given the audiobooklet. No differences between the aids were observed for patients at the high-literacy site. Entertainment education may be an effective strategy for promoting informed decision making about prostate cancer screening among patients with lower health literacy. As barriers to implementing computer-based patient decision support programs decrease, alternative models for delivering these programs should be explored.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Community Based Nurs Midwifery
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Community Based Nurs Midwifery
                Journal ID (publisher-id): IJCBNM
                Title: International Journal of Community Based Nursing and Midwifery
                Publisher: Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (Iran )
                ISSN (Print): 2322-2476
                ISSN (Electronic): 2322-4835
                Publication date (Print): January 2016
                Volume: 4
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 57-68
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
                [2 ]Student Research Committee, Community Based Psychiatric Care Research Center, Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
                [3 ]Community Based Psychiatric Care Research Center, Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
                [4 ]Urology Oncology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
                [5 ]Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
                [6 ]Department of Medical and Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
                Author notes
                Corresponding author: Fariba Ghodsbin, PhD candidate; Student Research Committee, Community Based Psychiatric Care Research Center, Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Tel: +98 71 36474254; Fax: +98 71 36474252; ghodsbin@ 123456sums.ac.ir
                Article
                Publisher ID: IJCBNM-4-57
                PMC ID: 4709816
                PubMed ID: 26793731
                SO-VID: 54717cf6-7d90-4a03-8fc2-e85fa16f778f
                Copyright © Copyright: © International Journal of Community Based Nursing and Midwifery
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 24 January 2015
                Date revision received : 06 June 2015
                Date accepted : 14 June 2015
                Categories
                Subject: Original Article

                Keywords: beliefs,early detection of cancer,knowledge,prostatic neoplasm,retirement
                Data availability:
                Keywords: beliefs, early detection of cancer, knowledge, prostatic neoplasm, retirement

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