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      Dicke model

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      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: PLoS ONE
      Publisher: Public Library of Science

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          Abstract

          The Dicke model is a fundamental model of quantum optics, which describes the interaction between light and matter. In the Dicke model, the light component is described as a single quantum mode, while the matter is described as a set of two-level systems. When the coupling between the light and matter crosses a critical value, the Dicke model shows a mean-field phase transition to a superradiant phase. This transition belongs to the Ising universality class and was realized experimentally in cavity quantum electrodynamics experiments. Although the superradiant transition bears some analogy with the lasing instability, these two transitions belong to different universality classes.

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          Superradiance: An essay on the theory of collective spontaneous emission

          M Gross, S Haroche (1982)
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            Dicke quantum phase transition with a superfluid gas in an optical cavity.

            Kristian Baumann, Christine Guerlin, Ferdinand Brennecke … (2010)
            A phase transition describes the sudden change of state of a physical system, such as melting or freezing. Quantum gases provide the opportunity to establish a direct link between experiments and generic models that capture the underlying physics. The Dicke model describes a collective matter-light interaction and has been predicted to show an intriguing quantum phase transition. Here we realize the Dicke quantum phase transition in an open system formed by a Bose-Einstein condensate coupled to an optical cavity, and observe the emergence of a self-organized supersolid phase. The phase transition is driven by infinitely long-range interactions between the condensed atoms, induced by two-photon processes involving the cavity mode and a pump field. We show that the phase transition is described by the Dicke Hamiltonian, including counter-rotating coupling terms, and that the supersolid phase is associated with a spontaneously broken spatial symmetry. The boundary of the phase transition is mapped out in quantitative agreement with the Dicke model. Our results should facilitate studies of quantum gases with long-range interactions and provide access to novel quantum phases.
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              Cold atoms in cavity-generated dynamical optical potentials

              Helmut Ritsch, Peter Domokos, Ferdinand Brennecke … (2013)
              Article 0 comments Cited 166 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Kaden Hazzard: Role: Editor
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS One
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS ONE
                Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
                Journal ID (pmc): plosone
                Title: PLoS ONE
                Publisher: Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1932-6203
                Publication date (Electronic): 4 September 2020
                Publication date Collection: 2020
                Volume: 15
                Issue: 9
                Electronic Location Identifier: e0235197
                Affiliations
                [001]Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
                Rice University, UNITED STATES
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2637-1750
                Article
                Publisher ID: PONE-D-20-17441
                DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235197
                PMC ID: 7473565
                PubMed ID: 32886669
                SO-VID: 54608397-a70b-4c13-a276-26b347f1a427
                Copyright © © 2020 Roses, Dalla Torre
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                Page count
                Figures: 3, Tables: 3, Pages: 8
                Funding
                This work is supported by the Israel Science Foundation, grants number 151/19 and 154/19.
                Categories
                Subject: Collection Review
                Subject: Physical Sciences
                Subject: Physics
                Subject: Particle Physics
                Subject: Elementary Particles
                Subject: Photons
                Subject: Physical Sciences
                Subject: Physics
                Subject: Classical Mechanics
                Subject: Momentum
                Subject: Physical Sciences
                Subject: Physics
                Subject: Thermodynamics
                Subject: Physical Sciences
                Subject: Physics
                Subject: Optics
                Subject: Quantum Optics
                Subject: Computer and Information Sciences
                Subject: Systems Science
                Subject: System Stability
                Subject: Physical Sciences
                Subject: Mathematics
                Subject: Systems Science
                Subject: System Stability
                Subject: Physical Sciences
                Subject: Physics
                Subject: Thermodynamics
                Subject: Free Energy
                Subject: Physical Sciences
                Subject: Physics
                Subject: Electromagnetic Radiation
                Subject: Light
                Subject: Light Pulses
                Subject: Physical Sciences
                Subject: Chemistry
                Subject: Chemical Elements
                Subject: Rubidium
                Custom metadata
                Data Availability All relevant data are within the manuscript.

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized
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