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      Terahertz Band Communication: An Old Problem Revisited and Research Directions for the Next Decade

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          The rise of graphene.

          Graphene is a rapidly rising star on the horizon of materials science and condensed-matter physics. This strictly two-dimensional material exhibits exceptionally high crystal and electronic quality, and, despite its short history, has already revealed a cornucopia of new physics and potential applications, which are briefly discussed here. Whereas one can be certain of the realness of applications only when commercial products appear, graphene no longer requires any further proof of its importance in terms of fundamental physics. Owing to its unusual electronic spectrum, graphene has led to the emergence of a new paradigm of 'relativistic' condensed-matter physics, where quantum relativistic phenomena, some of which are unobservable in high-energy physics, can now be mimicked and tested in table-top experiments. More generally, graphene represents a conceptually new class of materials that are only one atom thick, and, on this basis, offers new inroads into low-dimensional physics that has never ceased to surprise and continues to provide a fertile ground for applications.
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            A roadmap for graphene.

            Recent years have witnessed many breakthroughs in research on graphene (the first two-dimensional atomic crystal) as well as a significant advance in the mass production of this material. This one-atom-thick fabric of carbon uniquely combines extreme mechanical strength, exceptionally high electronic and thermal conductivities, impermeability to gases, as well as many other supreme properties, all of which make it highly attractive for numerous applications. Here we review recent progress in graphene research and in the development of production methods, and critically analyse the feasibility of various graphene applications.
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              Graphene plasmonics for tunable terahertz metamaterials.

              Plasmons describe collective oscillations of electrons. They have a fundamental role in the dynamic responses of electron systems and form the basis of research into optical metamaterials. Plasmons of two-dimensional massless electrons, as present in graphene, show unusual behaviour that enables new tunable plasmonic metamaterials and, potentially, optoelectronic applications in the terahertz frequency range. Here we explore plasmon excitations in engineered graphene micro-ribbon arrays. We demonstrate that graphene plasmon resonances can be tuned over a broad terahertz frequency range by changing micro-ribbon width and in situ electrostatic doping. The ribbon width and carrier doping dependences of graphene plasmon frequency demonstrate power-law behaviour characteristic of two-dimensional massless Dirac electrons. The plasmon resonances have remarkably large oscillator strengths, resulting in prominent room-temperature optical absorption peaks. In comparison, plasmon absorption in a conventional two-dimensional electron gas was observed only at 4.2 K (refs 13, 14). The results represent a first look at light-plasmon coupling in graphene and point to potential graphene-based terahertz metamaterials.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                IEEE Transactions on Communications
                IEEE Trans. Commun.
                Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
                0090-6778
                1558-0857
                June 2022
                June 2022
                : 70
                : 6
                : 4250-4285
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Truva Inc., Alpharetta, GA, USA
                [2 ]Terahertz Wireless Communications (TWC) Laboratory, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
                [3 ]School of Computing, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
                [4 ]Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ultrabroadband Nanonetworking Laboratory, Institute for the Wireless Internet of Things, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
                Article
                10.1109/TCOMM.2022.3171800
                544ac09b-66e0-4946-8302-291b04661753
                © 2022

                https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplorehelp/downloads/license-information/IEEE.html

                https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-029

                https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-037

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