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      The importance of remnant native vegetation of Amazonian submontane forest for the conservation of lizards Translated title: Efeito de borda sobre a comunidade de lagartos em fragmentos de floresta semidecidual submontana ao sul da Amazônia

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          Abstract

          Forest fragmentation affects animal population dynamics mainly by loss of habitat and disruption of animal movement. Lizard assemblages are affected by environmental changes, but, depending on their ecological needs, some species might be more vulnerable than others. The southern Amazon suffers accelerated anthropic actions replacing natural environments by farmland (crops and pasture). This region is considerably drier than most of the northern Amazon, with stational semi-deciduous forests fragmented and isolated by pasture, and crops to a lesser extent. Here we report data on lizard assemblages using semi-deciduous forests, forest edge and the surrounding pasture in the southern Amazon in Mato Grosso, Brazil. Lizards were collected in 21 forest fragments (41 to 7,035 ha) surrounded by pasture; using pitfall traps placed on a degradation gradient – from pasture inwards forest fragment (up to 200 m). We collected 242 individuals (14 species, seven families) in 6,300 trap-days. The pattern of species occurrence was largely nested and this nesting was associated with three habitat guilds (generalist, edge-tolerant, and forest species). Although there was no obvious fragmentation effect on lizards diversity community-wise, Hoplocercus spinosus, Bachia dorbignyi, Micrablepharus maximiliani and Kentropyx calcarta were more vulnerable to such effects than all other ten species collected. We verified that assemblages inhabiting pasture and forest edge are a nested subset of assemblages from the forest core. The remnant native vegetation is not distributed homogeneously and lizards species can persist in different parts of the landscape, therefore we recommend the protection of forest remnants as an important conservation action for lizards of the southern Amazon.

          Translated abstract

          A fragmentação de florestas afeta a dinâmica das populações animais por meio, principalmente, da perda de habitat e interrupção dos movimentos dos animais. Assembléias de lagartos são afetados por mudanças ambientais, mas, a depender de suas demandas ecológicas, algumas espécies são mais vulneráveis do que outras. A Amazônia Meridional sofre ações antrópicas aceleradas substituindo ambientes naturais por terras voltadas para agropecuária (cultivos e pasto). Esta região é consideravelmente mais seca do que a maior parte das terras ao norte da Amazônia, com florestas estacionais semi-deciduais fragmentadas e isoladas por pasto, e, em menor extensão, cultivos agrícolas. Neste estudo apresentamos informações sobre uso de bordas e pastagem de lagartos confinados a fragmentos de florestas semi-decíduas no sul da Amazônia em Mato Grosso, Brasil. Foram coletados lagartos em 21 fragmentos florestais (41 a 7,035 ha) cercados por pasto; usando armadilhas de queda (pitfalltraps) colocadas em um gradiente de degradação – do pasto em direção ao interior do fragmento florestal (até 200 m). Nós coletamos 242 indivíduos (14 espécies, sete famílias) com 6,300 armadilhas-dia. Identificamos 3 guildas de habitat (generalistas, tolerante a borda, e especialistas de floresta). Apesar da ausência do efeito da fragmentação sobre a diversidade de lagartos na comunidade como um todo; Hoplocercus spinosus, Bachia dorbignyi, Micrablepharus maximiliani e Kentropyx calcarata são mais vulneráveis a estes efeitos do que as outras dez espécies coletadas. Ademais, apenas quatro espécies habitam a matriz de pastagem, que foi aqui considerada um habitat inóspito para a maior parte da assembléia de lagartos. Finalmente, nós verificamos que as assembléias habitando pastagem e borda da floresta são subsets aninhados das assembléias presentes no interior da floresta. Recomendamos a proteção dos remanescentes florestais como uma ação de conservação importante para lagartos da Amazônia Meridional.

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          The matrix matters: effective isolation in fragmented landscapes.

          Traditional approaches to the study of fragmented landscapes invoke an island-ocean model and assume that the nonhabitat matrix surrounding remnant patches is uniform. Patch isolation, a crucial parameter to the predictions of island biogeography and metapopulation theories, is measured by distance alone. To test whether the type of interpatch matrix can contribute significantly to patch isolation, I conducted a mark-recapture study on a butterfly community inhabiting meadows in a naturally patchy landscape. I used maximum likelihood to estimate the relative resistances of the two major matrix types (willow thicket and conifer forest) to butterfly movement between meadow patches. For four of the six butterfly taxa (subfamilies or tribes) studied, conifer was 3-12 times more resistant than willow. For the two remaining taxa (the most vagile and least vagile in the community), resistance estimates for willow and conifer were not significantly different, indicating that responses to matrix differ even among closely related species. These results suggest that the surrounding matrix can significantly influence the "effective isolation" of habitat patches, rendering them more or less isolated than simple distance or classic models would indicate. Modification of the matrix may provide opportunities for reducing patch isolation and thus the extinction risk of populations in fragmented landscapes.
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            Conservation of Fragmented Populations

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              Matrix habitat and species richness in tropical forest remnants

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                bjb
                Brazilian Journal of Biology
                Braz. J. Biol.
                Instituto Internacional de Ecologia (São Carlos )
                1678-4375
                August 2014
                : 74
                : 3
                : 523-528
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Brazil
                Article
                S1519-69842014000300523
                10.1590/bjb.2014.0095
                544317d2-2e9a-4071-8814-818da51bb8fd

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1519-6984&lng=en
                Categories
                BIOLOGY

                General life sciences
                herpetology,Amazon,community ecology,conservation,nestedness,herpetologia,Amazônia,ecologia de comunidades,conservação,aninhado

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