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      Clinical Interventions in Aging (submit here)

      This international, peer-reviewed Open Access journal by Dove Medical Press focuses on prevention and treatment of diseases in people over 65 years of age. Sign up for email alerts here.

      36,334 Monthly downloads/views I 3.829 Impact Factor I 7.4 CiteScore I 1.83 Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP) I 1.044 Scimago Journal & Country Rank (SJR)

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      The Effect of Metabolites on Mitochondrial Functions in the Pathogenesis of Skeletal Muscle Aging

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          Abstract

          Sarcopenia is an age-related systemic disease characterized by skeletal muscle aging that generally severely affects the quality of life of elderly patients. Metabolomics analysis is a powerful tool for qualitatively and quantitatively characterizing the small molecule metabolomics of various biological matrices in order to clarify all key scientific problems concerning cell metabolism. The discovery of optimal therapy requires a thorough understanding of the cellular metabolic mechanism of skeletal muscle aging. In this review, the relationship between skeletal muscle mitochondria, amino acid, vitamin, lipid, adipokines, intestinal microbiota and vascular microenvironment has been separately reviewed from the perspective of metabolomics, and a new therapeutic direction has been suggested.

          Most cited references169

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          Structure, Function and Diversity of the Healthy Human Microbiome

          Studies of the human microbiome have revealed that even healthy individuals differ remarkably in the microbes that occupy habitats such as the gut, skin, and vagina. Much of this diversity remains unexplained, although diet, environment, host genetics, and early microbial exposure have all been implicated. Accordingly, to characterize the ecology of human-associated microbial communities, the Human Microbiome Project has analyzed the largest cohort and set of distinct, clinically relevant body habitats to date. We found the diversity and abundance of each habitat’s signature microbes to vary widely even among healthy subjects, with strong niche specialization both within and among individuals. The project encountered an estimated 81–99% of the genera, enzyme families, and community configurations occupied by the healthy Western microbiome. Metagenomic carriage of metabolic pathways was stable among individuals despite variation in community structure, and ethnic/racial background proved to be one of the strongest associations of both pathways and microbes with clinical metadata. These results thus delineate the range of structural and functional configurations normal in the microbial communities of a healthy population, enabling future characterization of the epidemiology, ecology, and translational applications of the human microbiome.
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            Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis

            The European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) developed a practical clinical definition and consensus diagnostic criteria for age-related sarcopenia. EWGSOP included representatives from four participant organisations, i.e. the European Geriatric Medicine Society, the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, the International Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics—European Region and the International Association of Nutrition and Aging. These organisations endorsed the findings in the final document. The group met and addressed the following questions, using the medical literature to build evidence-based answers: (i) What is sarcopenia? (ii) What parameters define sarcopenia? (iii) What variables reflect these parameters, and what measurement tools and cut-off points can be used? (iv) How does sarcopenia relate to cachexia, frailty and sarcopenic obesity? For the diagnosis of sarcopenia, EWGSOP recommends using the presence of both low muscle mass + low muscle function (strength or performance). EWGSOP variously applies these characteristics to further define conceptual stages as ‘presarcopenia’, ‘sarcopenia’ and ‘severe sarcopenia’. EWGSOP reviewed a wide range of tools that can be used to measure the specific variables of muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance. Our paper summarises currently available data defining sarcopenia cut-off points by age and gender; suggests an algorithm for sarcopenia case finding in older individuals based on measurements of gait speed, grip strength and muscle mass; and presents a list of suggested primary and secondary outcome domains for research. Once an operational definition of sarcopenia is adopted and included in the mainstream of comprehensive geriatric assessment, the next steps are to define the natural course of sarcopenia and to develop and define effective treatment.
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              AMPK: guardian of metabolism and mitochondrial homeostasis.

              Cells constantly adapt their metabolism to meet their energy needs and respond to nutrient availability. Eukaryotes have evolved a very sophisticated system to sense low cellular ATP levels via the serine/threonine kinase AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) complex. Under conditions of low energy, AMPK phosphorylates specific enzymes and growth control nodes to increase ATP generation and decrease ATP consumption. In the past decade, the discovery of numerous new AMPK substrates has led to a more complete understanding of the minimal number of steps required to reprogramme cellular metabolism from anabolism to catabolism. This energy switch controls cell growth and several other cellular processes, including lipid and glucose metabolism and autophagy. Recent studies have revealed that one ancestral function of AMPK is to promote mitochondrial health, and multiple newly discovered targets of AMPK are involved in various aspects of mitochondrial homeostasis, including mitophagy. This Review discusses how AMPK functions as a central mediator of the cellular response to energetic stress and mitochondrial insults and coordinates multiple features of autophagy and mitochondrial biology.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Clin Interv Aging
                Clin Interv Aging
                cia
                Clinical Interventions in Aging
                Dove
                1176-9092
                1178-1998
                22 August 2022
                2022
                : 17
                : 1275-1295
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University , Shanghai, 200040, People’s Republic of China
                [2 ]Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University , Shanghai, 200040, People’s Republic of China
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Tao Wu; Xiaojun Wang, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University , No. 221 West Yan-An Road, Shanghai, 200040, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13641673915; +86 13062796919, Email taowuh@hotmail.com; 13681803275@163.com
                [*]

                These authors contributed equally to this work

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3201-9315
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1264-5319
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4043-5979
                Article
                376668
                10.2147/CIA.S376668
                9416380
                36033236
                53acfa31-32fa-4347-9f06-767fd49b594c
                © 2022 Gu et al.

                This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms ( https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php).

                History
                : 30 May 2022
                : 11 August 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 2, Tables: 2, References: 172, Pages: 21
                Funding
                Funded by: the National Natural Science Foundation of China;
                Funded by: Three-Year Action Plan of Shanghai for Further Accelerating the Inheritance, Innovation and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine;
                This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82104790) and Three-Year Action Plan of Shanghai for Further Accelerating the Inheritance, Innovation and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine (ZY (2021-2023)-0302).
                Categories
                Review

                Health & Social care
                sarcopenia,metabolomics,mitochondria,intestinal microbiota,vascular endothelium

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