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      Medidas de Apoyo Educativo para la Inclusión en la Teoría y en la Práctica. ¿Son siempre Inclusivas? Translated title: Educational Support Measures for Inclusion in Theory and Practice. Are They Always Inclusive?

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN: La investigación presentada en este artículo parte de la constatación práctica de que determinadas medidas de apoyo presentadas como inclusivas pueden tener un efecto excluyente. Para analizar esta paradoja con mayor profundidad se ha llevado a cabo una investigación cualitativa, con un diseño exploratorio secuencial que contrasta una amplia revisión bibliográfica sobre el apoyo educativo con el análisis documental de las actas narrativas producidas por un grupo mixto de trabajo, formado por docentes de diferentes centros de infantil, primaria y secundaria, junto con profesorado universitario. Identificados los apoyos críticos, se realizó un análisis documental de la normativa de Cataluña y, finalmente, se mantuvieron dos grupos de discusión con profesorado experimentado en prácticas inclusivas. Como resultados, constatamos el valor inclusivo de algunas prácticas de apoyo cuando cumplen determinados condicionantes y otras que resultan intrínsecamente perjudiciales para los objetivos inclusivos. Se muestra el papel que tienen, tanto los responsables de las políticas educativas inclusivas como el profesorado, para garantizar los apoyos más eficaces e inclusivos, lo que constituye un proceso de transformación de nuestras escuelas y sistemas educativos.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT: The research presented in this article is based on the practical observation that certain support measures presented as inclusive can have an exclusionary effect. In order to analyse this paradox in greater depth, qualitative research has been carried out, with an exploratory sequential design that contrasts an extensive literature review on educational support with the documentary analysis of the narrative records produced by a mixed working group, made up of teachers from different pre-school, primary and secondary schools, together with university lecturers. Once the critical supports had been identified, a documentary analysis of the regulations in Catalonia was carried out and, finally, two discussion groups were held with teachers experienced in inclusive practices. The results show the inclusive value of some support practices when they meet certain conditions and others that are intrinsically detrimental to inclusive objectives. It shows the role of both inclusive education policy makers and teachers in ensuring the most effective and inclusive supports, which is a process of transformation of our schools and education systems.

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          Interrater reliability: the kappa statistic

          The kappa statistic is frequently used to test interrater reliability. The importance of rater reliability lies in the fact that it represents the extent to which the data collected in the study are correct representations of the variables measured. Measurement of the extent to which data collectors (raters) assign the same score to the same variable is called interrater reliability. While there have been a variety of methods to measure interrater reliability, traditionally it was measured as percent agreement, calculated as the number of agreement scores divided by the total number of scores. In 1960, Jacob Cohen critiqued use of percent agreement due to its inability to account for chance agreement. He introduced the Cohen’s kappa, developed to account for the possibility that raters actually guess on at least some variables due to uncertainty. Like most correlation statistics, the kappa can range from −1 to +1. While the kappa is one of the most commonly used statistics to test interrater reliability, it has limitations. Judgments about what level of kappa should be acceptable for health research are questioned. Cohen’s suggested interpretation may be too lenient for health related studies because it implies that a score as low as 0.41 might be acceptable. Kappa and percent agreement are compared, and levels for both kappa and percent agreement that should be demanded in healthcare studies are suggested.
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            Disability Discourse: Overview and Critiques of the Medical and Social Models

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              Effects of inclusion on students with and without special educational needs reviewed

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rlei
                Revista latinoamericana de educación inclusiva
                Rev. latinoam. educ. inclusiva
                Universidad Central de Chile. Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación - Red Iberoamericana de Investigación sobre Cambio y Eficacia Escolar (RINACE). (Santiago, , Chile )
                0718-5480
                0718-7378
                June 2024
                : 18
                : 1
                : 23-42
                Affiliations
                [1] orgnameUniversidad de Barcelona España
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1649-7555
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9038-2556
                Article
                S0718-73782024000100023 S0718-7378(24)01800100023
                10.4067/s0718-73782024000100023
                53825bbe-3943-4251-a1d5-5dea6ff2f564

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 15 December 2023
                : 30 March 2024
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 59, Pages: 20
                Product

                SciELO Chile

                Categories
                Artículos

                Practices,Policies,Support stakeholders,Educational support,education,Agentes de apoyo,Prácticas,Políticas,Apoyo educativo,inclusiva

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