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      Emergencia de comunidades pastoralistas formativas en el sureste de la Puna de Atacama

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          Abstract

          Se sintetizan los resultados de una investigación multidisciplinaria orientada a comprender la transición entre sociedades arcaicas tardías (ca. 5000-3800 AP) y formativas tempranas (ca. 3500-2400 AP). Se propone que la ubicación de los asentamientos arcaicos y formativos en el ecorrefugio de quebrada de Tulan, se explica por un conjunto de condiciones culturales, sociales y ambientales favorables, las cuales permitieron el cambio desde una sociedad cazadora-recolectora a otra principalmente pastoralista. La evidencia arquitectónica de carácter ceremonial junto a la aparición de nuevas tecnologías, como la cerámica, litoescultura, metalurgia en oro, entre otras, y la profusión de arte rupestre, nos indican un temprano proceso de complejización en la vertiente occidental de las tierras circumpuneñas.

          Translated abstract

          A summary of results of multidisciplinary research aimed to the understanding of the transition between late archaic (ca. 5000-3800 BP) to early formative societies (ca. 3500-2400 BP), is presented. We suggest that the location of archaic and formative settlements in the ecorefuge of Quebrada Tulan are explained by a favorable cultural, social and environmental conditions, that allowed the transformation from a hunter gatherer society to a pastoralist one. The evidence of ceremonial architecture, the appearance of new technologies such us pottery, lito-sculpture, gold metallurgy between others and the profusion of rock art, may indicate an early complexity process in the western slope of the Circumpuna.

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          Human occupations and climate change in the Puna de Atacama, Chile.

          Widespread evidence for human occupation of the Atacama Desert, 20 degrees to 25 degrees S in northern Chile, has been found from 13,000 calibrated 14C years before the present (cal yr B.P.) to 9500 cal yr B.P., and again after 4500 cal yr B.P. Initial human occupation coincided with a change from very dry environments to humid environments. More than 39 open early Archaic campsites at elevations above 3600 meters show that hunters lived around late glacial/early Holocene paleolakes on the Altiplano. Cessation of the use of the sites between 9500 and 4500 cal yr B.P. is associated with drying of the lakes. The mid-Holocene collapse of human occupation is also recorded in cave deposits. One cave contained Pleistocene fauna associated with human artifacts. Faunal diversity was highest during the humid early Holocene.
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            Cinco milenios de arte rupestre en los Andes Atacameños: Imágenes para lo humano, imágenes para lo divino

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              The archaeology of complex hunter-gatherers

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                eatacam
                Estudios atacameños
                Estud. atacam.
                Universidad Católica del Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Museo R. P. Gustavo Le Paige (San Pedro de Atacama, , Chile )
                0718-1043
                2006
                : 32
                : 93-117
                Affiliations
                [03] Santiago orgnameUniversidad Católica del Norte-Universidad de Tarapacá orgdiv1Programa de Postgrado en Antropología CHILE c_acg@ 123456yahoo.com
                [04] Berna orgnameUniversidad de Berna orgdiv1Instituto de Geografía Física SUIZA grosjean@ 123456giub.unibe.ch
                [01] San Pedro de Atacama orgnameUniversidad Católica del Norte orgdiv1Instituto de Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Museo R. P. Gustavo Le Paige s. j., CHILE lautanunez@ 123456netline.c
                [02] Santiago orgnameUniversidad de Chile orgdiv1Departamento de Antropología CHILE icartaje@ 123456uchile.cl
                Article
                S0718-10432006000200008 S0718-1043(06)00003200008
                10.4067/S0718-10432006000200008
                5360cf1b-f4a3-4f24-9859-e798c51c6dc2

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : January 2006
                : July 2006
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 96, Pages: 25
                Product

                SciELO Chile


                pastoralismo,arquitecura ceremonial,Formativo Temprano,Formativo,transición Arcaico,quebrada Tulan,ceremonial architecture,pastoralism,Early Formative,Archaic Formative transition

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