Phylogenetic Relationships of 3 Korean Neodiplostomum Species (Digenea: Neodiplostomidae) Based on Partial CO1 Gene

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Abstract

The phylogenetic relationships of the 3 Neodiplostomum spp. (Digenea: Neodiplostomidae) occurring in Korea ( N. seoulense, N. leei, and N. boryongense) were analyzed using the partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 ( CO1) gene. The adult flukes were recovered from Sprague-Dawley rats ( N. seoulense) and newborn chicks ( N. leei and N. boryongense) experimentally infected with the neodiplostomula from the grass snake, Rhabdophis tigrinus tigrinus. The genomic DNA was amplified using specific primers, and the sequence of CO1 was obtained. According to the results, the pairwise similarity was 96.1% between N. boryongense and N. seoulense, but was 95.0% between N. boryongense and N. leei and 94.2% between N. leei and N. seoulense. The results demonstrated a closer phylogenetic relationship between N. seoulense and N. boryongense. This high relationship of N. seoulense and N. boryongense may be related to their similar morphologic features including the limited distribution of vitellaria and the presence of a genital cone. N. leei is distinct on the other hand with an extensive distribution of vitellaria and the absence of a genital cone.

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Genetic variants within the genus Echinococcus identified by mitochondrial DNA sequencing.

J. Bowles, D. Blair, D. McManus (1992)

The pattern of species and strain variation within the genus Echinococcus is complex and controversial. In an attempt to characterise objectively the various species and strains, the sequence of a region of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (CO1) gene was determined for 56 Echinococcus isolates. Eleven different genotypes were detected, including 7 within Echinococcus granulosus, and these were used to categorise the isolates. The 4 generally accepted Echinococcus species were clearly distinguishable using this approach. In addition, the consensus view of the strain pattern within E. granulosus, based on a variety of criteria of differentiation, was broadly upheld. Very little variation was detected within Echinococcus multilocularis. Remarkable intra-strain homogeneity was found at the DNA sequence level. This region of the rapidly evolving mitochondrial genome is useful as a marker of species and strain identity and as a preliminary indication of evolutionary divergence within the genus Echinococcus.

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Relative merits of nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacers and mitochondrial CO1 and ND1 genes for distinguishing among Echinostoma species (Trematoda).

Celia Morgan, Carol D. Blair (1998)

Cryptic species, belonging to the 37 collar-spine Echinostoma group, were distinguished using nuclear rDNA ITS (884 bases) and mtDNA CO1 (257 bases) and ND1 (530 bases) sequences. Sequences were obtained from five 37 collar-spine species, Echinostoma trivolvis, E. paraensei, E. caproni, E. revolutum and E. sp.I, a parthenogenetic isolate from Africa. Three geographic isolates of E. caproni were compared. Average sequence divergence among the 37 collar-spine species range from 2.2% in the rDNA ITS through 8% for the CO1 and 14% for the ND1. In addition, genes were sequenced from 2 non 37 collar-spine species, E. hortense and an undescribed Australian species, E. sp. (Aus). For each gene, distances of terminals from a predicted ancestral sequence were calculated. These indicated that ND1 is diverging significantly faster than the other 2 regions. In the CO1 gene most substitutions are synonymous and saturation has been reached for the majority of pairwise comparisons. The ND1 gene exhibits greater pairwise divergence but less evidence of saturation due to weaker conservation of first and second codon positions. The ITS has no amino acid coding constraints and displays no evidence of saturation. Although all 3 regions successfully distinguished the nominal species, ND1 appears to be the most informative region for investigating relationships within the 37 collar-spine group.

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Phylogeny of Trypanosoma ( Megatrypanum ) theileri and related trypanosomes reveals lineages of isolates associated with artiodactyl hosts diverging on SSU and ITS ribosomal sequences.

Aline Rodrigues, H Noyes, F Paiva … (2006)

SSU ribosomal sequences of trypanosomes from Brazilian cattle and water buffalo were used to infer phylogenetic relationships between non-pathogenic T. theileri and allied species parasitic in artiodactyls. T. theileri trypanosomes from distinct geographical regions in Brazil and from other countries were tightly clustered into the 'clade T. theileri' distant from the 'T. brucei clade' of pathogenic parasites of artiodactyls, and also distinct from trypanosomes of other mammals. The existence of this monophyletic assemblage (T. theileri clade) composed only by isolates from artiodactyl species justifies the continued recognition of the subgenus T. (Megatrypanum) with T. theileri as its type species. Phylogenies based on SSU and ITS1 ribosomal sequences produced the same branching pattern with isolates from different mammalian hosts clustered in 5 lineages: A, related to water buffalo; B, C and D, to cattle; E, to fallow deer. The pattern of host specificity allied to some congruence between host and parasite phylogenies suggested association of these trypanosomes with their respective hosts. Segregation of cattle isolates into three lineages revealed an overall geographical structure. Moreover, positioning of trypanosomes infecting tabanids in the T. theileri clade is consistent with the role of these flies as important vectors of these trypanosomes.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Korean J Parasitol

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Korean J. Parasitol

Journal ID (publisher-id): KJP

Title: The Korean Journal of Parasitology

Publisher: The Korean Society for Parasitology and Tropical Medicine

ISSN (Print): 0023-4001

ISSN (Electronic): 1738-0006

Publication date (Print): June 2014

Publication date (Electronic): 26 June 2014

Volume: 52

Issue: 3

Pages: 325-329

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea.

[2 ]Department of Parasitology, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon 400-712, Korea.

[3 ]Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 463-707, Korea.

Author notes

Corresponding author ( ehshin@ 123456snu.ac.kr )

^†These authors have equally contributed to this work.

Article

DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2014.52.3.325

PMC ID: 4096648

SO-VID: 53266db7-b8f4-4397-8de7-7372b03aa4cf

License:

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

History

Date received : 26 April 2014

Date revision received : 22 May 2014

Date accepted : 26 May 2014

Funding

Funded by: Seoul National University Hospital

Award ID: 04-2009-0940

Phylogenetic Relationships of 3 Korean Neodiplostomum Species (Digenea: Neodiplostomidae) Based on Partial CO1 Gene

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Most cited references 19

Genetic variants within the genus Echinococcus identified by mitochondrial DNA sequencing.

Relative merits of nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacers and mitochondrial CO1 and ND1 genes for distinguishing among Echinostoma species (Trematoda).

Phylogeny of Trypanosoma ( Megatrypanum ) theileri and related trypanosomes reveals lineages of isolates associated with artiodactyl hosts diverging on SSU and ITS ribosomal sequences.

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