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Abstract

Background: Today, social capital is a need in the society. Also, leisure time and physical activities are among the most important productive sources of social capital, which have been realized recently. This study aims to find the relationship between social capital and physical leisure time of the faculty members of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Materials and Methods: A descriptive correlation method was used in this study. Two questionnaires were used for data collection. Social capital questionnaire is based on SCAT Model. Also, leisure time questionnaire was made by the researcher for which face and content validity was verified by experts. Reliability coefficients by using Cronbach's alpha coefficients were calculated as 0.92 and 0.82, respectively. Sample population was calculated by Cochran's formula, and 150 people were selected as the sample using multiple cluster sampling by taking the sex and college into consideration as the variables. Findings: According to the findings, there was a direct relationship between a combination of social capital parameters (including commitment, attitude, trust, participation, mutual relationship, social norm, and unity) and the way of spending physical leisure time (R = 0.659, P = 0.000). Among the parameters, “commitment” was significant with a beta coefficient B = 0.293 and P = 0.044 and social norms was significant with a beta coefficient B = 0.196 and P = 0.047, but the rest of the factors were not significant. Conclusion: Playing sport and doing physical activities in the leisure time and also taking part in group activities and their membership provide a situation for people to respect the group interests through communication. Such activities can cause the level of social capital and its factors to be increased.

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Network social capital, social participation, and physical inactivity in an urban adult population.

Hannah Legh-Jones, Spencer Moore (2012)

Research on individual social capital and physical activity has tended to focus on the association among physical activity, generalized trust, and social participation. Less is known about the association between network social capital, i.e., the resources accessed through one's social connections, and physical inactivity. Using formal network measures of social capital, this study examined which specific dimension of network capital (i.e. diversity, reach and range) was associated with physical inactivity, and whether network social capital mediated the association between physical inactivity and social participation. Data came from the 2008 Montreal (Canada) Neighbourhood Networks and Healthy Aging survey, in which 2707 adults 25 years and older in 300 Montreal neighbourhoods were surveyed. Physical activity was self-reported using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). IPAQ guidelines provided the basis for the physical inactivity cutoff. Network social capital was measured with a position generator instrument. Multilevel logistic methods were used to examine the association between physical inactivity and individual social capital dimensions, while adjusting for socio-demographic and -economic factors. Higher network diversity was associated with a decreased likelihood of physical inactivity. Consistent with previous findings, individuals who did not participate in any formal associations were more likely to be physically inactive compared to those with high levels of participation. Network diversity mediated the association between physical inactivity and participation. Generalized trust and the network components of reach and range were not shown associated with physical inactivity. Findings highlight the importance of social participation and network social capital and the added value of network measures in the study of social capital and physical inactivity. Population-based programs targeting physical inactivity among adults might consider ecological-level interventions that leverage associational involvement and interpersonal relationships to improve population-level physical activity. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Social capital, desire to increase physical activity and leisure-time physical activity: a population-based study.

M. Lindström (2011)

To investigate the associations between social capital (trust) and leisure-time physical activity. The 2004 Public Health Survey in Skåne is a cross-sectional study. In total, 27,757 individuals aged 18-80 years answered a postal questionnaire (59% participation). Logistic regression models were used to investigate the associations between trust, desire to increase physical activity and leisure-time physical activity. The prevalence of low leisure-time physical activity was 15.3% among men and 13.2% among women. Middle-aged men and older women, respondents born abroad, those with medium/low education, those with the desire to increase physical activity but needing support, and those reporting low trust had significantly higher odds ratios of low leisure-time physical activity than their respective reference groups. The associations between low trust and desire to increase physical activity and between low trust and low leisure-time physical activity remained in the multiple models. The positive association between low trust and low leisure-time physical activity remained after multiple adjustments. There is a concentration of men and women with low leisure-time physical activity who report the desire to increase their physical activity but think that they need support to do so. This group also has a significantly higher prevalence of low trust. Copyright © 2011 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Associations between physical inactivity and a measure of social capital in a sample of Queensland adults.

W Mummery, William Lauder, Grant Schofield … (2008)

How social capital is related to an increasingly important disease risk-physical inactivity has not yet been investigated. In the present study the associations between social capital and physical inactivity were investigated in a sample of Queensland (Australia) adults. Data was collected from 1278 persons by means of a computer-assisted-telephone-interview survey. The association between the social capital variables and physical inactivity was studied using logistical regression. Multivariate analysis adjusted for the effects of selected socio-demographic factors in the investigation of the association between physical inactivity and quartile groupings of social capital scores. Physical inactivity was negatively associated with the measure of social capital. Individuals in the top two quartiles of social capital were significantly less likely to be physically inactive than those in the two lowest quartiles. In summary, low social capital was associated with physical inactivity. The results offer implications for health promotion programs aimed at increasing levels of physical activity at the community or population level.