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      Mapping the occurrence of Eustrongylides spp. in fish species caught from six lakes in Central Italy (Tuscany and Latium regions): Implications for local fishery supply chains

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          Abstract

          In the present study, in order to expand the knowledge on the distribution of parasites of the genus Eustrongylides in never investigated Italian lacustrine areas of Tuscany and Latium, fish specimens from four Tuscan lakes (Bilancino, Chiusi, Montedoglio and San Cipriano) and two Latium lakes (Bolsena and Bracciano) were collected and analyzed. The parasitological analysis, consisting of a visual inspection followed by a chloro-peptic digestion, was performed on 1650 specimens belonging to 17 species: European perch ( Perca fluviatilis), Pumpkinseed ( Lepomis gibbosus), Pike-perch ( Sander lucioperca), Largemouth black bass ( Micropterus salmoides), Pike ( Esox lucius), Big-scale sand smelt ( Atherina boyeri), Tench ( Tinca), European Whitefish ( Coregonus lavaretus ), Channel catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus), Chub ( Squalius cephalus), Rudd ( Scardinius erythrophthalmus), Common bleak ( Alburnus alborella), South European roach ( Sarmarutilus rubilio), South European nase ( Protochondrostoma genei), Italian riffle dace ( Telestes muticellus), Goldfish ( Carassius auratus), and Freshwater bream ( Abramis brama). Eustrongylides spp. larvae were only found in one specimen of European perch caught in Bracciano Lake and purchased from a local fishmonger (P = 3.3%; MI = 1; MA = 0.03). The only isolated Eustrongylides spp. larva was submitted to molecular analysis of the ITS gene region and identified as E. excisus. This finding adds Bracciano Lake to the list of the several Italian lakes in which nematodes belonging to this genus have been reported. Even if the observed prevalence is currently low, the presence of the parasite in this local freshwater fish supply chain requires FBOs to adopt risk management measures to prevent contaminated products from reaching final consumer. Moreover, future investigations will show if the parasite expands in these areas.

          Highlights

          • Six Italian lakes from two Italian Regions (Tuscany and Latium) were investigated.

          • 17 freshwater fish species were analyzed to search for Eustrongylides spp. larvae.

          • Eustrongylides excisus was found in a Perca fluviatilis specimen from Bracciano Lake.

          • The occurrence of Eustrongylides spp. could threaten local fishery supply chains.

          • FBOs are required to implement appropriate risk management measures.

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          Most cited references59

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          Parasitology meets ecology on its own terms: Margolis et al. revisited.

          We consider 27 population and community terms used frequently by parasitologists when describing the ecology of parasites. We provide suggestions for various terms in an attempt to foster consistent use and to make terms used in parasite ecology easier to interpret for those who study free-living organisms. We suggest strongly that authors, whether they agree or disagree with us, provide complete and unambiguous definitions for all parameters of their studies.
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            Evolution of the Anisakis risk management in the European and Italian context

            Due to the social and legislative implications, the presence of Anisakis spp. larvae in fishery products has become a concern for both the consumers and the official Control Authorities. The issuance of a large number of provisions, aimed at better managing fish products intended to be consumed raw or almost raw and the associated risks, resulted in a very complicate legal framework. In this work, we analyzed the evolution of the normative through an overview on the local and international legislations, focusing on issues that are of practical interest for Food Business Operators (FBOs) in the fishery chain. In addition, we performed a survey across the Department of Prevention of the Italian Local Health Authorities (LHA) and the main fish markets in Italy to collect the operating procedures and the monitoring plans. Overall, we found many differences, due to the absence of a national reference standard for the management of the Anisakis risk. From this examination, it turns clear that only a participation of all the involved institutions, a strategy of synergistic interventions, as well as a correct training of FBOs, can result in an effective risk management and a proper risk communication, which should overcome states of confusion and unnecessary negative impacts on the economy.
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              Seafood-borne parasitic diseases in Australia: are they rare or underdiagnosed?

              Australia is a multicultural country surrounded by water where seafood is regularly consumed. Literature suggests that some popular edible fish sold in fish markets may be infected with parasites transmissible to humans (notably, anisakids and other helminths); however the number of reported human cases due to these parasites is low. In this article we critically review topical publications to understand whether the low number of human infection is due to lack of expertise in Australia to identify and diagnose accurately seafood-borne parasitic infections. The risk these parasites pose to humans may be underestimated due to: (i) errors or inability of diagnosing these infections, primarily due to less sensitive and specific serological tests and misidentifying parasites without a taxonomist in the diagnostic team; and (ii) medical practitioners not being aware of these parasites or not considering them in the differential diagnosis even in patients with history of regular raw or undercooked seafood consumption.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Heliyon
                Heliyon
                Heliyon
                Elsevier
                2405-8440
                07 May 2024
                15 May 2024
                07 May 2024
                : 10
                : 9
                : e30733
                Affiliations
                [a ]FishLab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale Delle Piagge 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
                [b ]Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Del Lazio e Della Toscana “M. Aleandri”, S.S. Dell’Abetone e Del Brennero 4, 56123, Pisa, Italy
                [c ]Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D’Aosta, SS Genova-Portualità, Piazza Borgo Pila 39/24, 16129, Genoa, Italy
                [d ]Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Del Lazio e Della Toscana “M. Aleandri”, Via Appia Nuova, 1411 - 00178, Roma, RO, Italy
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author. andrea.armani@ 123456unipi.it
                [** ]Corresponding author. FishLab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale Delle Piagge 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy. lisa.guardone@ 123456unipi.it
                [1]

                These authors have equally contributed to the work.

                Article
                S2405-8440(24)06764-1 e30733
                10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30733
                11101832
                38765103
                52b0b716-742c-4291-9362-caa68e936a3f
                © 2024 The Authors

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

                History
                : 14 February 2024
                : 2 May 2024
                : 2 May 2024
                Categories
                Research Article

                zoonotic parasites,seafood products,risk assessments,food quality and safety

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