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      Determinantes de risco para doenças cardiovasculares em escolares Translated title: Determinants of risk of cardiovascular diseases in schoolchildren

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          Abstract

          OBJETIVO: Conhecer a ocorrência e associação de hipertensão arterial com algumas variáveis relacionadas ao estilo de vida. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, base populacional, amostra aleatória em indivíduos (7 a 14 anos) de escolas (rede pública e particular). Investigados o estado nutricional, pressão arterial e hábitos de vida (tabaco, álcool, atividade física e hábito alimentar). RESULTADOS: Dos 3.169 escolares avaliados, destacaram-se 5,0% de hipertensão arterial e 6,2% de pressão normal-alta. A categorização por sexo mostra 6,4% meninos e 6,0% meninas com pressão normal-alta e 4,3% meninos e 5,7% meninas com hipertensão arterial. O índice de massa corporal (IMC) identificou 16,0% com excesso de peso, dos quais 4,9% já obesos. Houve associação significante (p = 0,01) entre hipertensão arterial e excesso de peso. Dentre os investigados, 11,6% não faziam aulas de educação física e 37,8% eram sedentários no lazer. O tabagismo foi informado por vinte 0,6% escolares, e a experimentação de bebida alcoólica por 32,7%. Nenhuma dessas variáveis apresentou significância estatística em relação aos valores pressóricos e estado nutricional. CONCLUSÃO: Diante do encontro de escolares com valores médios de pressão arterial e IMC com freqüência acima da esperada, associado a hábitos de vida que tendem a favorecer o desenvolvimento das doenças cardiovasculares, sugere-se a proposição de medidas de intervenção cujo foco seja o escolar, como elemento capaz de disseminar as informações no núcleo familiar. Essa possibilidade nos mobiliza para uma proposta de atuação nas escolas como parceiras na promoção da saúde.

          Translated abstract

          OBJECTIVE: To investigate the occurrence and association of arterial hypertension with several lifestyle variables. METHODS: Transversal population-based study with a random sample of students (7 to 14 years of age) of public and private schools. Variables investigated were nutritional status, blood pressure, and lifestyle (tobacco use, alcohol intake, physical activity and eating habits). RESULTS: Out of the 3,169 schoolchildren assessed, 5.0% had arterial hypertension and 6.2% had normal-high blood pressure. Classification by gender shows boys 6.4% and girls 6.0% with normal-high blood pressure, and boys 4.3% and girls 5.7% with arterial hypertension. Body mass index (BMI) measurements identified 16.0% excess weight students, 4.9% of whom were obese. A significant association (p = 0.01) between arterial hypertension and excess weight was observed. Among the students participating in the study, 11.6% did not attend physical education classes and 37.8% had sedentary leisure habits. Twenty students (0.6%) were smokers and 32.7% had already experimented with alcohol. None of these variables showed statistical significance as to blood pressure values and nutritional status. CONCLUSION: In light of the findings in this study which show schoolchildren with a higher than expected frequency of mean blood pressure and BMI values, associated with a lifestyle that tends to favour the development of cardiovascular diseases, we felt led to propose interventional measures focused on the school as an agent of change and capable of conveying information to family units. This possibility encourages us to propose that schools be partners in promoting health.

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          Most cited references47

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          Physical status the use and interpretation of anthropometry.

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            Tracking of body mass index in children in relation to overweight in adulthood.

            Body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2) values at or above the 75th percentile are associated with increased morbidity and mortality in adulthood, and there are significant correlations between BMI values in childhood and in adulthood. The present study addresses the predictive value of childhood BMI for overweight at 35 +/- 5 y, defined as BMI >28 for men and BMI >26 for women. Analyses of data from 555 white children showed that overweight at age 35 y could be predicted from BMI at younger ages. The prediction is excellent at age 18 y, good at age 13 y, but only moderate at ages <13 y. For 18-y-olds with BMIs above the 60th percentile, the probability of overweight at age 35 y is 34% for men and 37% for women. A clinically applicable method is provided to assign an overweight child to a group with a known probability of high BMI values in adulthood.
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              Update on the 1987 Task Force Report on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents: A Working Group Report from the National High Blood Pressure Education Program

              (1996)
              Background. The "Report of the Second Task Force on Blood Pressure Control in Children—1987" developed normative blood pressure (BP) data for children and adolescents. These normative data are used to classify BP levels. Since 1987, additional BP data in children and adolescents, the use of newer classes of drugs, and the role of primary prevention of hypertension have expanded the body of knowledge regarding the classification and treatment of hypertension in the young. Objective. To report new normative BP data in children and adolescents and to provide additional information regarding the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of hypertension in children. Methods. A working group was appointed by the director of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute as chair of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program (NHBPEP) Coordinating Committee. Data on children from the 1988 through 1991 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III and nine additional national data sets were combined to develop normative BP tables. The working group members produced initial draft documents that were reviewed by NHBPEP Coordinating Committee representatives as well as experts in pediatrics, cardiology, and hypertension. This reiterative process occurred for 12 draft documents. The NHBPEP Coordinating Committee discussed the report, and additional comments were received. Differences of opinion were adjudicated by the chair of the working group. The final report was sent to representatives of the 44 organizations on the NHBPEP Coordinating Committee for vote. It was approved unanimously by the NHBPEP Coordinating Committee on October 2, 1995. Conclusions. This report provides new normative BP tables for children and adolescents, which now include height percentiles, age, and gender. The fifth Korotkoff sound is now used to define diastolic BP in children and adolescents. New charts have been developed to guide practicing clinicians in antihypertensive drug therapy selection. The primary prevention of hypertension in these age groups is discussed. A statement on public health considerations in the treatment of children and adolescents is provided.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                abc
                Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia
                Arq. Bras. Cardiol.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC (São Paulo )
                1678-4170
                July 2006
                : 87
                : 1
                : 37-45
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal de Goiás Brazil
                Article
                S0066-782X2006001400006
                10.1590/S0066-782X2006001400006
                522b0a2a-7462-4bc7-8463-88e09e2efbfe

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0066-782X&lng=en
                Categories
                CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS

                Cardiovascular Medicine
                Prevention and control,epidemiology,anthropometry,arterial blood pressure,student health,Prevenção e controle,epidemiologia,antropometria,pressão arterial,saúde escolar

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