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      Queen cells acceptance rate and royal jelly production in worker honey bees of two Apis mellifera races

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          Abstract

          Royal jelly (RJ) is an acidic yellowish-white secretion of worker honey bee glands, used as food material of worker bee larvae for the first three days and queen bee larvae for the entire life. It is commercially used in cosmetics and medicinal industry in various parts of the world. This study determined the queen cell acceptance rate and RJ production difference among Italian and Carniolan bee races. Furthermore, the effect of plastic cup cell priming media, diets and seasons were tested on the larval cell acceptance rate and RJ yield of both races. The results indicated that average queen cell acceptance rate was significantly (p<0.001) higher in Italian race (75.53 ± 1.41%) than Carniolan race (58.20 ± 1.30%). Similarly, mean RJ yield per colony significantly (p<0.001) differed between both bee races, which were 13.10 ± 0.42 g and 9.66 ± 0.43 g, in Italian and Carniolan races, respectively. Moreover, priming media, diets and seasons significantly (p<0.001) affected queen cell acceptance rate and RJ production of both bee races. This study would help breeders to select the bees with higher-level of queen cell acceptance rate and RJ production in the future.

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          Honey, Propolis, and Royal Jelly: A Comprehensive Review of Their Biological Actions and Health Benefits

          Visweswara Rao Pasupuleti, Lakhsmi Sammugam, Nagesvari Ramesh … (2017)
          Background There are several health benefits that honeybee products such as honey, propolis, and royal jelly claim toward various types of diseases in addition to being food. Scope and Approach In this paper, the effects of honey, propolis, and royal jelly on different metabolic diseases, cancers, and other diseases have been reviewed. The modes of actions of these products have also been illustrated for purposes of better understanding. Key Findings and Conclusions An overview of honey, propolis, and royal jelly and their biological potentials was highlighted. The potential health benefits of honey, such as microbial inhibition, wound healing, and its effects on other diseases, are described. Propolis has been reported to have various health benefits related to gastrointestinal disorders, allergies, and gynecological, oral, and dermatological problems. Royal jelly is well known for its protective effects on reproductive health, neurodegenerative disorders, wound healing, and aging. Nevertheless, the exact mechanisms of action of honey, propolis, and royal jelly on the abovementioned diseases and activities have not been not fully elucidated, and further research is warranted to explain their exact contributions.
          Article 0 comments Cited 216 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Bioactive compounds and health-promoting properties of royal jelly: A review

            Ahmed Al-Ghamdi, Mohamed Fawzy Ramadan (2012)
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              Royal Jelly: An ancient remedy with remarkable antibacterial properties.

              Filippo Fratini, Giovanni Cilia, Simone Mancini … (2016)
              Royal Jelly (RJ), a honeybee hypopharyngeal gland secretion of young nurse and an exclusive nourishment for bee queen, has been used since ancient times for care and human health and it is still very important in traditional and folkloristic medicine, especially in Asia within the apitherapy. Recently, RJ and its protein and lipid components have been subjected to several investigations on their antimicrobial activity due to extensive traditional uses and for a future application in medicine. Antimicrobial activities of crude Royal Jelly, Royalisin, 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid, Jelleines, Major Royal Jelly Proteins against different bacteria have been reported. All these beehive products showed antimicrobial activities that lead their potential employment in several fields as natural additives. RJ and its derived compounds show a highest activity especially against Gram positive bacteria. The purpose of this Review is to summarize the results of antimicrobial studies of Royal Jelly following the timescale of the researches. From the first scientific applications to the isolation of the single components in order to better understand its application in the past years and propose an employment in future studies as a natural antimicrobial agent.
              Article 0 comments Cited 70 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Khalid Ali Khan:
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4734-6338
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: MethodologyRole: SoftwareRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Hamed A. Ghramh: Role: Funding acquisitionRole: ResourcesRole: Visualization
                Zubair Ahmad:
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5286-026X
                Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draft
                Mogbel A. A. El-Niweiri:
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4021-9117
                Role: Data curationRole: MethodologyRole: ResourcesRole: ValidationRole: Visualization
                Mohamed Elimam Ahamed Mohammed:
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3909-3788
                Role: ResourcesRole: Visualization
                Shahid Farooq: Role: Editor
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS One
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS One
                Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
                Journal ID (pmc): plosone
                Title: PLoS ONE
                Publisher: Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1932-6203
                Publication date (Electronic): 13 April 2021
                Publication date Collection: 2021
                Volume: 16
                Issue: 4
                Electronic Location Identifier: e0248593
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
                [2 ] Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
                [3 ] Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
                [4 ] Biology Department, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Zahran al-Janobe, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
                [5 ] Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
                Harran Üniversitesi: Harran Universitesi, TURKEY
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors declare that no competing interests exist.

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4734-6338
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5286-026X
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4021-9117
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3909-3788
                Article
                Publisher ID: PONE-D-21-04312
                DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248593
                PMC ID: 8043409
                PubMed ID: 33848292
                SO-VID: 51f6a6e9-d63b-489e-bb41-a9736d8acbed
                Copyright © © 2021 Khan et al
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                Date received : 8 February 2021
                Date accepted : 1 March 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 8, Tables: 3, Pages: 13
                Funding
                Funded by: Scientific Research Deanship at King Khalid University and the Ministry of Education in KSA
                Award ID: IFP-KKU-2020/5
                Current study was funded by the Scientific Research Deanship at King Khalid University and the Ministry of Education in KSA through the project number IFP-KKU-2020/5.
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Zoology
                Subject: Entomology
                Subject: Insects
                Subject: Hymenoptera
                Subject: Bees
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Organisms
                Subject: Eukaryota
                Subject: Animals
                Subject: Invertebrates
                Subject: Arthropoda
                Subject: Insects
                Subject: Hymenoptera
                Subject: Bees
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Zoology
                Subject: Animals
                Subject: Invertebrates
                Subject: Arthropoda
                Subject: Insects
                Subject: Hymenoptera
                Subject: Bees
                Subject: People and Places
                Subject: Population Groupings
                Subject: Ethnicities
                Subject: European People
                Subject: Italian People
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Nutrition
                Subject: Diet
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Nutrition
                Subject: Diet
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Zoology
                Subject: Entomology
                Subject: Insects
                Subject: Hymenoptera
                Subject: Bees
                Subject: Honey Bees
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Organisms
                Subject: Eukaryota
                Subject: Animals
                Subject: Invertebrates
                Subject: Arthropoda
                Subject: Insects
                Subject: Hymenoptera
                Subject: Bees
                Subject: Honey Bees
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Zoology
                Subject: Animals
                Subject: Invertebrates
                Subject: Arthropoda
                Subject: Insects
                Subject: Hymenoptera
                Subject: Bees
                Subject: Honey Bees
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Developmental Biology
                Subject: Life Cycles
                Subject: Larvae
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Plant Science
                Subject: Plant Anatomy
                Subject: Pollen
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Agriculture
                Subject: Crop Science
                Subject: Crops
                Subject: Soybeans
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Organisms
                Subject: Eukaryota
                Subject: Fungi
                Subject: Yeast
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                Data Availability All relevant data are within the paper.

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