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      Understanding the COVID-19 tourist psyche: The Evolutionary Tourism Paradigm

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          Abstract

          Studies across the social sciences are making increasing use of an evolutionary perspective. Yet, despite its potential, the application of evolutionary psychology in tourism research is scant. Evolutionary psychology is arguably one of the most useful approaches to understanding the effects of the Coronavirus pandemic on the tourist's psyche. This research highlights, explains, and empirically demonstrates the vast untapped potential of this perspective for post-COVID-19 tourism research. The authors develop an Evolutionary Tourism Paradigm, which is based on biological epistemology and theory to address questions in post-COVID-19 tourism research. This paradigm is brought to life through a developed ocean and islands model, and its utility for future research endeavors on the Coronavirus pandemic is empirically demonstrated in two studies.

          Highlights

          • Development of the Evolutionary Tourism Paradigm

          • Development of the ocean and islands model

          • Investigating the COVID-19 effects on the tourists' psyche

          • Conceptually and empirically linking the pandemic to xenophobia and ethnocentrism

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          Most cited references42

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          On aims and methods of Ethology

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            Microbes, mating, and morality: individual differences in three functional domains of disgust.

            What is the function of disgust? Whereas traditional models have suggested that disgust serves to protect the self or neutralize reminders of our animal nature, an evolutionary perspective suggests that disgust functions to solve 3 qualitatively different adaptive problems related to pathogen avoidance, mate choice, and social interaction. The authors investigated this 3-domain model of disgust across 4 studies and examined how sensitivity to these functional domains relates to individual differences in other psychological constructs. Consistent with their predictions, factor analyses demonstrated that disgust sensitivity partitions into domains related to pathogens, sexuality, and morality. Further, sensitivity to the 3 domains showed predictable differentiation based on sex, perceived vulnerability to disease, psychopathic tendencies, and Big 5 personality traits. In exploring these 3 domains of disgust, the authors introduce a new measure of disgust sensitivity. Appreciation of the functional heterogeneity of disgust has important implications for research on individual differences in disgust sensitivity, emotion, clinical impairments, and neuroscience. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved).
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              An Analysis of Data Quality: Professional Panels, Student Subject Pools, and Amazon's Mechanical Turk

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Ann Tour Res
                Ann Tour Res
                Annals of Tourism Research
                Published by Elsevier Ltd.
                0160-7383
                1873-7722
                9 September 2020
                9 September 2020
                : 103053
                Affiliations
                [a ]Copenhagen Business School, Department of Marketing, Solbjerg Plads 3, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark
                [b ]RMIT University, Graduate School of Business and Law, 124 La Trobe St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
                [c ]Isenberg School of Management, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Flint, Lab 209A, 121 Presidents Drive Amherst, MA 01003, United States of America
                [d ]Lancaster University Management School, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author.
                Article
                S0160-7383(20)30197-3 103053
                10.1016/j.annals.2020.103053
                7480226
                32921847
                51d41dea-6923-4887-ba96-ae3cffb42551
                © 2020 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

                Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

                History
                : 28 May 2020
                : 21 August 2020
                : 23 August 2020
                Categories
                Research Article

                evolutionary psychology,ocean and islands model,coronavirus,covid-19,behavioral immune system

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