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      Uso da prótese vertical expansível de titânio para costela no tratamento da cifose congênita em portadores de mielomeningocele torácica Translated title: Uso de la prótesis vertical expansible de titanio para costilla en el tratamiento de la cifosis congénita en portadores de mielomeningocele torácico Translated title: Use of vertical expandable prosthetic of titanium for the rib for treating congenital kyphosis in thoracic meningomyelocele patients

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          Abstract

          OBJETIVO: avaliar os resultados clínicos e radiográficos pós-operatórios da correção de cifose congênita em pacientes com mielomeningocele de nível torácico, utilizando a prótese vertical expansível de titânio para costela (VEPTR). MÉTODOS: estudo retrospectivo de 19 pacientes com mielomeningocele torácica e cifose congênita submetidos a tratamento com VEPTR, entre Outubro de 2005 e Outubro de 2008, com avaliação radiográfica e clínica pré e pós-operatória imediata. Foram avaliadas também a duração do procedimento cirúrgico, a necessidade de transfusão sanguínea e as complicações pós-operatórias. RESULTADOS: a média de idade dos pacientes foi de 70 meses ou cinco anos e dez meses (32 a 130 meses). A média de seguimento dos pacientes foi de 13,5 meses (2 a 26 meses). A duração média do procedimento foi de 117 minutos (variação de 70 a 195 minutos). Todas as crianças adquiriram equilíbrio de tronco, sendo que 13 delas não apresentavam isto no pré-operatório. A média da cifose pré-operatória foi de 115° (80° a 150°) e pós-operatória de 77° (50° a 104°), com porcentagem média de correção de 31,2% (1,1 a 61,5%). O desequilíbrio do tronco pré-operatório foi de 7,9 cm, em média (1,0 a 15,5 cm) e pós-operatório de 3,4 cm (0 a 8 cm). A correção média desse desequilíbrio foi de 50,4% (0 a 100%). Com relação ao peso, no pré-operatório a média foi de 15,4 kg (8 a 30 kg), e no pós-operatório de 20,6 kg (8,5 a 35 kg). O ganho médio de peso foi de 36,6% (9,8 a 100%). Dos 19 pacientes, cinco (26,3%) apresentaram complicações pós-operatórias. Nenhum paciente necessitou de transfusão sanguínea. CONCLUSÃO: a utilização do VEPTR nos pacientes portadores de mielomeningocele torácica com cifose congênita tem se mostrado uma alternativa eficaz e promissora de controle da deformidade em pacientes esqueleticamente imaturos.

          Translated abstract

          OBJETIVO: evaluar los resultados clínicos y radiográficos postoperatorios de la corrección de la cifosis congénita en pacientes con mielomeningocele de nivel torácico, utilizando la prótesis vertical expansible de titanio para costilla (VEPTR). MÉTODOS: estudio retrospectivo de 19 pacientes con mielomeningocele torácico y cifosis congénita sometidos al tratamiento con VEPTR, entre Octubre de 2005 y Octubre de 2008, con evaluación radiográfica y clínica, pre y postoperatorio inmediato. Fueron evaluadas también la duración del procedimiento quirúrgico, la necesidad de transfusión sanguínea y las complicaciones postoperatorias. RESULTADOS: el promedio de edad de los pacientes fue de 70 meses o 5 años y 10 meses (32 a 130 meses). El promedio de seguimiento de los pacientes fue de 13.5 meses (2 a 26 meses). La duración promedio del procedimiento fue de 117 minutos (variación de 70 a 195 minutos). Todos los niños adquirieron equilibrio del tronco, siendo que 13 no lo presentaban en el preoperatorio. El promedio de la cifosis preoperatorio fue de 115° (80° a 150°) y postoperatoria de 77° (50° a 104°), con porcentaje promedio de corrección de 31.2% (1.1 a 61.5%). El desequilibrio del tronco preoperatorio fue de 7.9 cm, en promedio (1.0 a 15.5 cm) y postoperatorio de 3.4 cm (0 a 8 cm). La corrección promedio de ese desequilibrio fue de 50.4% (0 a 100%). Con relación al peso, en el preoperatorio el promedio fue de 15.4 kg (8 a 30 kg), y en el postoperatorio de 20.6 kg (8.5 a 35 kg). La ganancia de peso en promedio fue de 36.6% (9.8 a 100%). De los 19 pacientes, cinco (26.3%) presentaron complicaciones postoperatorias. Ningún paciente necesitó transfusión sanguínea. CONCLUSIÓN: la utilización del VEPTR en los pacientes portadores de mielomeningocele torácico con cifosis congénita ha demostrado ser una alternativa eficaz y promisoria del control de la deformidad en pacientes esqueléticamente inmaduros.

          Translated abstract

          OBJECTIVE: to evaluate clinical and radiographic postoperative results of congenital kyphosis correction in thoracic meningomyelocele patients using vertical expandable prosthetic of titanium for the rib (VEPTR). METHODS: a retrospective study of 19 thoracic meningomyelocele and congenital kyphosis patients that were subjected to the VEPTR treatment between October 2005 and October 2008, with radiographic evaluation and immediate post and pre-operative clinical practice. Also, the duration of surgical procedure, the need for blood transfusion and postoperative complications were assessed. RESULTS: the patients' average age was 70 months (from 32 to 130 months). The average follow-up from patients was 13.5 months (from 2 to 26 months). The average duration of the procedure was 117 minutes (variation between 70 and 195 minutes). All children reached trunk balance, 13 of whom had not showed it in the postoperative period. The average of pre-operation kyphosis was 115° (from 80° to 150°) and 77° (from 50° to 104°) for postoperative, with an average correction percentage of 31.2% (from 1.1 to 61.5%). The previous pre-operative imbalance of trunk was an average 7.9 cm (from 1.0 to 15.5 cm) and 3.4 cm (from 0 to 8 cm) for post-operative. The average correction of this imbalance was of 50.4% (from 0 to 100%). Regarding weight, in pre-operative the average was 15.4 kg (from 8 to 30 kg) and 20.6 kg (from 8.5 to 35 kg) for postoperative. The average gain of weight was of 36.6% (from 9.8 to 100%). Five of the 19 patients (26.3%) presented postoperative complications. No patient needed blood transfusion. CONCLUSION: the use of VEPTR in thoracic meningomyelocele and congenital kyphosis patients has proven to be an effective and promising alternative for the control of physical deformity in patients with a potential for growth.

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          Growing rod techniques in early-onset scoliosis.

          The surgical treatment of severe early-onset scoliosis (EOS) is controversial. Obtaining and maintaining deformity correction, achieving adequate spinal growth, allowing lung development, and the high complication rate make surgical treatment very challenging. Growing rods are the most common method of management. Currently, there are 3 systems being used for the surgical treatment of EOS: single growing rod, dual growing rods, and the vertical expandable titanium prosthetic rib implant. Each system has its advantages and disadvantages. These are presented and discussed in this review. The current clinical and radiographic results indicate that all 3 techniques can be effective in the surgical management of EOS. Vertical expandable prosthetic titanium rib (VEPTR), which is not considered a true growing rod system, is particularly effective in congenital scoliosis with fused ribs. The current expandable spinal implant systems appear effective in controlling progressive EOS, allowing for spinal growth and improving lung development. All have a moderate complication rate, especially rod breakage and hook displacement.
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            The effect of opening wedge thoracostomy on thoracic insufficiency syndrome associated with fused ribs and congenital scoliosis.

            Thoracic insufficiency syndrome is the inability of the thorax to support normal respiration or lung growth and is seen in patients who have severe congenital scoliosis with fused ribs. Traditional spinal surgery does not directly address this syndrome. Twenty-seven patients with congenital scoliosis associated with fused ribs of the concave hemithorax had an opening wedge thoracostomy with primary longitudinal lengthening with use of a chest-wall distractor known as a vertical, expandable prosthetic titanium rib. Repeat lengthenings of the prosthesis were performed at intervals of four to six months. Radiographs were analyzed with respect to correction of the spinal deformity, as indicated by a change in the Cobb angle, and lateral deviation of the spine, as indicated by the interpedicular line ratio. Spinal growth was assessed by measuring the change in the length of the spine. Correction of the thoracic deformity and thoracic growth were assessed on the basis of the increase in the height of the concave hemithorax compared with the height of the convex hemithorax (the space available for the lung), the increase in the thoracic spinal height, and the increase in the thoracic depth and width. The thoracic deformity in the transverse plane was measured with computed tomography, and the scans were analyzed for spinal rotation, thoracic rotation, and the posterior hemithoracic symmetry ratio. Clinically, the patients were assessed on the basis of the relative heights of the shoulders and of head and thorax compensation. Pulmonary status was evaluated on the basis of the respiratory rate, capillary blood gas levels, and pulmonary function studies. The mean age at the time of the surgery was 3.2 years (range, 0.6 to 12.5 years), and the mean duration of follow-up was 5.7 years. All patients had progressive congenital scoliosis, with a mean increase of 15 degrees /yr before the operation. The scoliosis decreased from a mean of 74 degrees preoperatively to a mean of 49 degrees at the time of the last follow-up. Both the mean interpedicular line ratio and the space available for the lung ratio improved significantly. The height of the thoracic spine increased by a mean of 0.71 cm/yr. At the time of the last follow-up, the mean percentage of the predicted normal vital capacity was 58% for patients younger than two years of age at the time of the surgery, 44% for those older than two years of age (p < 0.001), and 36% for those older than two years of age who had had prior spine surgery. In a group of patients who had sequential testing, all increases in the volume of vital capacity were significant (p < 0.0001), but the changes in the percentages of the predicted normal vital capacity were not. There was a total of fifty-two complications in twenty-two patients, with the most common being asymptomatic proximal migration of the device through the ribs in seven patients. Opening wedge thoracostomy with use of a chest-wall distractor directly treats segmental hypoplasia of the hemithorax resulting from fused ribs associated with congenital scoliosis. The operation addresses thoracic insufficiency syndrome by lengthening and expanding the constricted hemithorax and allowing growth of the thoracic spine and the rib cage. The procedure corrects most components of chest-wall deformity and indirectly corrects congenital scoliosis, without the need for spine fusion. The technique requires special training and should be performed by a multispecialty team.
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              The treatment of spine and chest wall deformities with fused ribs by expansion thoracostomy and insertion of vertical expandable prosthetic titanium rib: growth of thoracic spine and improvement of lung volumes.

              Prospective clinical trial of vertical expandable prosthetic titanium rib (VEPTR) in patients with combined spine and chest wall deformity with scoliosis and fused ribs. Report the efficacy and safety of expansion thoracostomy and VEPTR surgery in the treatment of thoracic insufficiency syndrome (TIS) associated with fused ribs. Traditional attitudes toward early-onset combined chest and spine deformity assume that thoracic deformity is best controlled by treatment directed at spine deformity, often involving early spinal arthrodesis. Campbell and others have heightened awareness of the interrelationship between lung, chest, and spine development during growth and characterized TIS as the inability of the thorax to support normal respiration or lung growth. Expansion thoracostomy and VEPTR insertion was developed to directly control both spine and chest wall deformity during growth, while permitting continued vertebral column and chest growth at an early stage. Multidisciplinary evaluation of children with combined spine and chest wall deformity included pediatric pulmonologist, thoracic, and orthopedic surgeon evaluations. One or more opening wedge expansion thoracostomies and placement of VEPTR devices were performed as described by Campbell, with repeated device lengthenings during growth. Parameters measured included Cobb angle, length of thoracic spine, CT-derived lung volumes, and in older children pulmonary function tests. Thirty-one patients with fused ribs and TIS were treated, 4 of whom had undergone prior spinal arthrodesis at other institutions with continued progression of deformity. In 30 patients, the spinal deformity was controlled and growth continued in the thoracic spine during treatment at rates similar to normals. Increased volume of the constricted hemithorax and total lung volumes obtained during expansion thoracostomy were maintained at follow-up. Complications included device migration, infection, and brachial plexus palsy. Expansion thoracostomy and VEPTR insertion with serial lengthening may be the preferred treatment for young children with chest wall deformity and scoliosis associated with fused ribs but requires multidisciplinary care and attention to details of soft tissue management. When indicated, surgical intervention with VEPTR can be considered early in growth, before deformity is severe, since spinal growth will continue with treatment.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                coluna
                Coluna/Columna
                Coluna/Columna
                Sociedade Brasileira de Coluna (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                1808-1851
                2177-014X
                September 2009
                : 8
                : 3
                : 286-296
                Affiliations
                [02] orgnameAssociação de Assistência à Criança Deficiente orgdiv1Grupo de Escoliose
                [01] Campinas SP orgnameUniversidade Estadual de Campinas orgdiv1Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia Brasil
                Article
                S1808-18512009000300009 S1808-1851(09)00800309
                50f49fb2-851a-4102-aa28-c204bd2999ac

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 19 June 2009
                : 19 August 2009
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 44, Pages: 11
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Artigos Originais

                Cifose,Meningomielocele,Próteses,Titânio,Cifosis,Prótesis e implantes,Titanio,Kyphosis,Meningomyelocele,Prostheses,Titaniun

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