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      Tratamiento farmacológico de la hiperplasia prostática benigna. Revisión de la bibliografía Translated title: Pharmacologic treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: A literature review

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          Abstract

          Resumen La hiperplasia prostática benigna afecta a 50% de la población en todo el mundo, principalmente a pacientes de 70-80 años de edad. Actualmente existen diferentes tratamientos para pacientes con hiperplasia prostática benigna; sin embargo, el farmacológico se considera el de primera línea. El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar una revisión bibliográfica relacionada con el tratamiento farmacológico de la hiperplasia prostática benigna. Para la investigación se revisaron las bases de datos y repositorios: Medline, Embase, Central, Scopus y Lilacs. Solo se incluyeron, únicamente, estudios clínicos que evaluaron la eficacia de los diferentes fármacos indicados a pacientes con hiperplasia prostática benigna. Se registraron 1595 referencias revisadas por título y resumen, pero solo se seleccionaron 49 para la revisión de texto completo. Los medicamentos identificados fueron: tamsulosina, alfusosina, doxazosina, silodosina, dutasterida, finasterida, fesoterodina, tadalafilo, sildenafilo y naftopidilo. Además, se encontraron estudios de fitoterapia, que evaluaron la eficacia de Serenoa repens. La mayor parte de los medicamentos son efectivos para el tratamiento de los síntomas urinarios provocados por la hiperplasia prostática benigna. Los resultados coinciden con las recomendaciones de las últimas guías de práctica clínica. La elección del medicamento de primera línea depende del médico tratante, quien debe considerar, principalmente, los posibles eventos adversos y las preferencias del paciente.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Benign prostatic hyperplasia affects 50% of the population and is more frequent in the seventh and eighth decades of life. There are currently different treatments for benign prostatic hyperplasia and pharmacologic management is considered first-line treatment. The aim of the present study was to conduct a literature review related to the pharmacologic management of benign prostatic hyperplasia, utilizing the following 5 databases: Medline, Embase, Central, Scopus, and Lilacs. Only the clinical studies that evaluated the efficacy of the different drugs employed for the symptomatic management of the patient with benign prostatic hyperplasia were included. A total of 1595 references were reviewed by title and abstract, and 49 final references were selected for complete text review. The medications identified were: tamsulosin, alfuzosin, doxazosin, silodosin, dutasteride, finasteride, fesoterodine, tadalafil, sildenafil, and naftopidil. In addition, studies on phytotherapy that evaluated the effectiveness of Serenoa repens were included. The majority of the therapeutic options appear to be effective for the treatment of urinary symptoms caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia and the results identified are in accordance with the recommendations of the latest clinical practice guidelines. The choice of a first-line medication depends on the treating physician who must consider both the possible adverse events and the preferences of the patient.

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          Most cited references49

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          Pathology of benign prostatic hyperplasia.

          The epidemiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is complex and not fully understood. The androgenic hormones testosterones and dihydrotestosterone play at least a permissive and important role. Growth factors and other hormones including estrogens may also play a role. BPH is a truely hyperplastic process resulting in growth of glandular-epithelial and stromal/muscle tissue in the prostate, leading to often measurable growth taking on different shapes and configurations which may impact symptoms and secondary outcomes. It is important to recognize that BPH is a histological conditions, which is one but not the only cause of lower urinary tract symptoms, and may or may not be associated with prostate enlargement and bladder outlet obstruction. Recognizing the different entities and determining their presence in individual patients may help with therapeutic decision making.
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            Monotherapy with tadalafil or tamsulosin similarly improved lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia in an international, randomised, parallel, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

            Tadalafil improved lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH; LUTS/BPH) in clinical studies but has not been evaluated together with an active control in an international clinical study. Assess tadalafil or tamsulosin versus placebo for LUTS/BPH. A randomised, double-blind, international, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study assessed men ≥45 yr of age with LUTS/BPH, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) ≥13, and maximum urinary flow rate (Q(max)) ≥4 to ≤15ml/s. Following screening and washout, if needed, subjects completed a 4-wk placebo run-in before randomisation to placebo (n=172), tadalafil 5mg (n=171), or tamsulosin 0.4mg (n=168) once daily for 12 wk. Outcomes were assessed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) or ranked analysis of variance (ANOVA) (continuous variables) and Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test or Fisher exact test (categorical variables). IPSS significantly improved versus placebo through 12 wk with tadalafil (-2.1; p=0.001; primary efficacy outcome) and tamsulosin (-1.5; p=0.023) and as early as 1 wk (tadalafil and tamsulosin both -1.5; p 0.1). The International Index of Erectile Function-Erectile Function domain improved versus placebo with tadalafil (4.0; p<0.001) but not tamsulosin (-0.4; p=0.699). Q(max) increased significantly versus placebo with both tadalafil (2.4ml/s; p=0.009) and tamsulosin (2.2ml/s; p=0.014). Adverse event profiles were consistent with previous reports. This study was limited in not being powered to directly compare tadalafil versus tamsulosin. Monotherapy with tadalafil or tamsulosin resulted in significant and numerically similar improvements versus placebo in LUTS/BPH and Q(max). However, only tadalafil improved erectile dysfunction. Clinicaltrials.gov ID NCT00970632. Copyright © 2012 European Association of Urology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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              The American Urological Association Symptom Index for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.

              A symptom index for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) was developed and validated by a multidisciplinary measurement committee of the American Urological Association (AUA). Validation studies were conducted involving a total of 210 BPH patients and 108 control subjects. The final AUA symptom index includes 7 questions covering frequency, nocturia, weak urinary stream, hesitancy, intermittence, incomplete emptying and urgency. On revalidation, the index was internally consistent (Cronbach's α = 0.86) and the score generated had excellent test-retest reliability (r = 0.92). Scores were highly correlated with subjects' global ratings of the magnitude of their urinary problem (r = 0.65 to 0.72) and powerfully discriminated between BPH and control subjects (receiver operating characteristic area 0.85). Finally, the index was sensitive to change, with preoperative scores decreasing from a mean of 17.6 to 7.1 by 4 weeks after prostatectomy (p <0.001). The AUA symptom index is clinically sensible, reliable, valid and responsive. It is practical for use in practice and for inclusion in research protocols.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rmu
                Revista mexicana de urología
                Rev. mex. urol.
                Sociedad Mexicana de Urología (Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico )
                0185-4542
                2007-4085
                August 2018
                : 78
                : 4
                : 321-334
                Affiliations
                [4] orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombia orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina Colombia
                [2] Bogotá orgnameHospital Universitario San Ignacio orgdiv1Departamento de Epidemiología Clínica y Bioestadística Colombia
                [3] Bogotá Bogotá orgnamePontificia Universidad Javeriana orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina Colombia
                [1] Bogotá orgnameHospital Universitario San Ignacio orgdiv1Departamento de Urología Colombia
                Article
                S2007-40852018000400321 S2007-4085(18)07800400321
                10.24245/revmexurol.v78i4.2093
                50acf129-bea2-402c-9978-53af3c935ded

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : July 2018
                : March 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 49, Pages: 14
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Artículos de revisión

                Hiperplasia prostática benigna,Lower urinary symptoms,Phytotherapy,Pharmacological management,Medical management,Benign prostatic hyperplasia,síntomas de la vía urinaria baja,fitoterapia,tratamiento farmacológico

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