Combined effect of dietary calcium consumption and physical activity on dental caries in children and adolescents: a study of the NHANES database

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Abstract

Background

Calcium (Ca) is a nutritional factor that associated with dental caries. A recent study showed that in the case of adequate Ca intake, a higher level of physical activity may contribute to bone mass accumulation. However, the combined effect between Ca intake and physical activity on caries experience is unclear. Herein, we aimed to explore the above combined effect on dental caries in children and adolescents.

Methods

Data of 5,917 children and adolescents were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) database in 2015–2020 in this cross-sectional study. The NHANES assessed the dietary Ca intake through the 24-hour dietary recalls, and the physical activity level was self-reported using the questionnaires. Also, the dental caries was diagnosed according to the Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth/Surfaces (DMFT/S) index. Weighted univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were utilized to screen the covariates and to investigate the associations of dietary Ca intake and physical activity with dental caries, respectively, and assess the combined effect between dietary Ca intake and physical activity on dental caries. The evaluation indexes were odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analyses of age, obesity, and total sugar intake were also performed.

Results

Among the eligible participants, 2,687 had caries experience. After adjusting for the covariates, we found that children and adolescents who not reach the recommendation level of Ca intake combined with physical activity less than 7 time in 1 week seemed to have higher odds of dental caries [OR = 1.77, 95%CI: (1.38–2.27)], compared with those who reached the standards. In addition, this potential combined effect was also found in age < 12 years old [OR = 1.62, 95%CI: (1.23–2.14)], non-obesity [OR = 1.88, 95%CI: (1.49–2.35)], and total sugar intake (all P < 0.05) subgroups.

Conclusions

Ca intake and physical activity had a potential combined effect on dental caries in children and adolescents, but the causal relationships between them needed further clarification.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-024-03969-5.

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Most cited references 37

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The US Department of Agriculture Automated Multiple-Pass Method reduces bias in the collection of energy intakes.

Alanna J. Moshfegh, Donna Rhodes, David J Baer … (2008)

The US Department of Agriculture Automated Multiple-Pass Method (AMPM) is used for collecting 24-h dietary recalls in What We Eat In America, the dietary interview component of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Because the data have important program and policy applications, it is essential that the validity of the method be tested. The accuracy of the AMPM was evaluated by comparing reported energy intake (EI) with total energy expenditure (TEE) by using the doubly labeled water (DLW) technique. The 524 volunteers, aged 30-69 y, included an equal number of men and women recruited from the Washington, DC, area. Each subject was dosed with DLW on the first day of the 2-wk study period; three 24-h recalls were collected during the 2-wk period by using the AMPM. The first recall was conducted in person, and subsequent recalls were over the telephone. Overall, the subjects underreported EI by 11% compared with TEE. Normal-weight subjects [body mass index (in kg/m(2)) 30). Although the AMPM accurately reported EIs in normal-weight subjects, research is warranted to enhance its accuracy in overweight and obese persons.

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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2000 growth charts for the United States: improvements to the 1977 National Center for Health Statistics version.

Cynthia Ogden, Robert J. Kuczmarski, Katherine Flegal … (2002)

To present a clinical version of the 2000 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) growth charts and to compare them with the previous version, the 1977 National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) growth charts. The 2000 CDC percentile curves were developed in 2 stages. In the first stage, the empirical percentiles were smoothed by a variety of parametric and nonparametric procedures. To obtain corresponding percentiles and z scores, we approximated the smoothed percentiles using a modified LMS estimation procedure in the second stage. The charts include of a set of curves for infants, birth to 36 months of age, and a set for children and adolescents, 2 to 20 years of age. The charts represent a cross-section of children who live in the United States; breastfed infants are represented on the basis of their distribution in the US population. The 2000 CDC growth charts more closely match the national distribution of birth weights than did the 1977 NCHS growth charts, and the disjunction between weight-for-length and weight-for-stature or length-for-age and stature-for-age found in the 1977 charts has been corrected. Moreover, the 2000 CDC growth charts can be used to obtain both percentiles and z scores. Finally, body mass index-for-age charts are available for children and adolescents 2 to 20 years of age. The 2000 CDC growth charts are recommended for use in the United States. Pediatric clinics should make the transition from the 1977 NCHS to the 2000 CDC charts for routine monitoring of growth in infants, children, and adolescents.

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Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Inflammatory Markers in Healthy Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Guohua Zheng, Pingting Qiu, Rui Xia … (2019)

Background: Chronic inflammation plays a significant role in accelerating the aging process and is closely associated with the initiation and progression of a broad range of age-related diseases. Physical exercise is considered beneficial in alleviating these conditions, but the effects of aerobic exercise on inflammatory markers in a healthy population should be furtherly clarified. Objective: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of aerobic exercise on inflammatory markers in middle-aged and older adults. Methods: The literature search was conducted utilizing PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from their inception through April 2018, and the reference lists were screened to identify appropriate studies. Only randomized controlled trials that investigated the effect of aerobic exercise on inflammatory markers in middle-aged and older adults were eligible for this review. Results: Eleven studies involving 1,250 participants were retrieved from the databases for analysis. The pooled results showed that aerobic exercise significantly reduced inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein (CRP): SMD = 0.53, 95% CI 0.26–0.11, p = 0.0002; tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α): SMD = 0.75, 95% CI 0.31–1.19, p = 0.0007; interleukin 6 (IL-6): SMD = 0.75, 95% CI 0.31–1.19, p = 0.0007). No significant improvement was found in relation to interleukin 4 (IL-4). Conclusions: Aerobic exercise may have a positive effect on reduction of CRP, TNF-α, and IL-6 in middle-aged and older adults. Further randomized controlled trials (RCTs) need to be conducted to determine the effect of aerobic exercise on additional inflammatory markers in the population of middle-aged and older adults.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Ning Dong: Dongninger@outlook.com

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMC Oral Health

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMC Oral Health

Title: BMC Oral Health

Publisher: BioMed Central (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 1472-6831

Publication date (Electronic): 28 February 2024

Publication date PMC-release: 28 February 2024

Publication date Collection: 2024

Volume: 24

Electronic Location Identifier: 281

Affiliations

[1 ]Key laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, ( https://ror.org/017zhmm22) Xi’an, 710004 Shaanxi P.R. China

[2 ]Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, ( https://ror.org/017zhmm22) Zhongtu Building, No.85 North Street, Lianhu District, Xi’an, 710004 Shaanxi P.R. China

[3 ]Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, ( https://ror.org/017zhmm22) Xi’an, 710004 Shaanxi P.R. China

Article

Publisher ID: 3969

DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-03969-5

PMC ID: 10900671

PubMed ID: 38419086

SO-VID: 505498ed-b354-427d-b30e-59998d1962ff

License:

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

History

Date received : 27 September 2023

Date accepted : 1 February 2024

Funding

Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100017596, Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province;

Award ID: 2022JM-548

Custom metadata

ScienceOpen disciplines: Dentistry

Keywords: dietary ca intake,physical activity,nhanes,dental caries,children and adolescents

Data availability:

ScienceOpen disciplines: Dentistry

Keywords: dietary ca intake, physical activity, nhanes, dental caries, children and adolescents

Combined effect of dietary calcium consumption and physical activity on dental caries in children and adolescents: a study of the NHANES database

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Arab Journal of Forensic Sciences & Forensic Medicine (AJFSFM)

Most cited references 37

The US Department of Agriculture Automated Multiple-Pass Method reduces bias in the collection of energy intakes.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2000 growth charts for the United States: improvements to the 1977 National Center for Health Statistics version.

Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Inflammatory Markers in Healthy Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

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