Prevalence of enamel defects in primary and permanent teeth in
a group of schoolchildren from Granada (Spain)

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Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine and compare the prevalence and presentations of developmental defects of the enamel (DDE) in the primary and permanent dentitions of a group of healthy schoolchildren residing in Granada (Spain). Study Design: A total of 1,414 healthy schoolchildren were examined using modified DDE criteria for recording enamel defects. Results: The prevalence of DDE of any type was 40.2% in primary dentition and 52% in permanent dentition (p<0.033). Of the 31,820 primary and permanent teeth examined in the study, 699 (4.1%) primary and 1,232 (8.3%) permanent teeth had some form of DDE. Diffuse opacity was the most common type of DDE observed in primary teeth, and demarcated opacity in the permanent teeth. Enamel hypoplasia was the least prevalent defect in both dentition types. Conclusions: The study population showed a high prevalence of DDE in primary as well as in permanent dentition, reflecting the current increasing trend of this condition, which should be considered as a significant public health problem.

Key words:Developmental enamel defects, enamel hypoplasia, demarcated opacity, diffuse opacity.

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Most cited references 29

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A review of the developmental defects of enamel index (DDE Index). Commission on Oral Health, Research & Epidemiology. Report of an FDI Working Group.

Index A review of the developmental defects of enamel index (DDE (1992)

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The prevalence of demarcated opacities in permanent first molars in a group of Swedish children.

L Barregård, Christopher J Noren, G Klingberg … (2001)

The permanent teeth of 516 7- and 8-year-old Swedish children from a low-fluoride area were examined for developmental enamel defects. Special attention was paid to demarcated opacities in permanent first molars and permanent incisors (MIH). The examination was done in their schools, using a portable light, a mirror, and a probe. The modified DDE index of 1992 was used for recording the enamel defects, supplemented with a further classification into severe, moderate, and mild defects. Demarcated opacities in permanent first molars were present in 18.4% of the children. The mean number of hypomineralized teeth of the affected children was 3.2 (standard deviation, 1.8), of which 2.4 were first molars. Of the children 6.5% had severe defects, 5% had moderate defects, whereas 7% had only mildly hypomineralized teeth. In conclusion, hypomineralized first molars appeared to be common and require considerable treatment in the Swedish child population.

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Dental treatment, dental fear and behaviour management problems in children with severe enamel hypomineralization of their permanent first molars.

G Klingberg, B Jälevik (2001)

To assess the demand for restorative treatment, dental anxiety and dental behaviour management problems among children with severe hypomineralization of their first molars (MIH). Case control study. Data were compiled from the dental records of 32 9-year-old children with severe enamel hypomineralization of their first molars and from 41 controls of the same age group concerning dental health, a number of restorative treatments, use of local anaesthesia and clinical behaviour management problems (BMP). A questionnaire containing specific questions on children's experiences of dental care and the Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS), was answered by the parents. The children in the study group had undergone dental treatment of their first molars nearly 10 times as often as the children in the control group. Repeated treatments of these teeth at brief intervals were common. The dental treatment was often undertaken without the use of local anaesthesia, and BMP, and dental fear and anxiety (DFA) were more common than in the controls. Children with severe enamel hypomineralization of their first molars had had to undergo a considerable amount of dental treatment. It is reasonable to assume that experiences of pain and discomfort on repeated occasions were related to the occurrence of BMP in patients with MIH. An early treatment planning and prognostication based on increased knowledge of hypomineralized first molars is desirable. Local anaesthesia and other pain-reducing techniques, e.g. sedation, should be used when treating these teeth. Extraction should be considered in cases of extensive disintegration of the crown, in cases of frequently repeated treatments or when pulpal symptoms are hard to cure.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal

Journal ID (publisher-id): Medicina Oral S.L.

Title: Medicina Oral, Patología Oral y Cirugía Bucal

Publisher: Medicina Oral S.L.

ISSN (Print): 1698-4447

ISSN (Electronic): 1698-6946

Publication date (Print): March 2013

Publication date (Electronic): 10 December 2012

Volume: 18

Issue: 2

Pages: e187-e193

Affiliations

[1 ]DDS, Postgraduate Student. University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, Colegio Máximo s/n, Granada, Spain

[2 ]DDS, PhD: Assistant Professor, Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry. University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, Colegio Máximo s/n, Granada, Spain

[3 ]DDS, MD, PhD: Professor, Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry.University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, Colegio Máximo s/n, Granada, Spain

[4 ]DDS, PhD: Associate professor, Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry. University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, Colegio Máximo s/n, Granada, Spain

[5 ]DDS, MD, PhD: Associate professor, Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry. University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, Colegio Máximo s/n, Granada, Spain

Author notes

Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry Campus de Cartuja, Colegio Máximo s/n E-18071, Granada, Spain , E-mail: matr@ 123456ugr.es

Article

Publisher ID: 18580

DOI: 10.4317/medoral.18580

PMC ID: 3613868

PubMed ID: 23229271

SO-VID: 502db2a5-0f17-4685-af19-e85ba86fbe66

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This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Prevalence of enamel defects in primary and permanent teeth in a group of schoolchildren from Granada (Spain)

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Most cited references 29

A review of the developmental defects of enamel index (DDE Index). Commission on Oral Health, Research & Epidemiology. Report of an FDI Working Group.

The prevalence of demarcated opacities in permanent first molars in a group of Swedish children.

Dental treatment, dental fear and behaviour management problems in children with severe enamel hypomineralization of their permanent first molars.

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