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      Estudios de interés tafonómico en los restos óseos humanos de Laguna Tres Reyes 1 (Partido de Adolfo Gonzales Chaves, provincia de Buenos Aires) Translated title: Taphonomic studies of human bones from Laguna Tres Reyes 1 (Gonzales Chaves District, Buenos Aires province, Argentina)

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          Abstract

          En este trabajo se presentan los resultados del análisis de los efectos tafonómicos del registro bioarqueológico del sitio Laguna Tres Reyes 1 (Partido de Adolfo Gonzales Chaves), realizado en el marco de la tesis de licenciatura. La metodología consistió en el examen macroscópico de la superficie cortical de cada elemento esqueletal sobre el conjunto de entierros primarios. Las variables analizadas fueron: marcas de raíces, depositación química (carbonato de calcio y manchas de manganeso), pérdida ósea, fracturas, actividad de roedores, acción de carnívoros, marcas de excavación y limpieza, meteorización e integridad. Los resultados indican la interacción de una serie de agentes y procesos tafonómicos sobre los huesos humanos que condujeron a una historia tafonómica compleja y de baja intensidad, permitiendo una muy buena preservación del tejido óseo. Los roedores han perturbado este registro fundamentalmente en el aspecto distribucional dejando escasas marcas de su accionar sobre los elementos óseos. Por otro lado, existen evidencias de la acción de pequeños carnívoros sobre algunos esqueletos que sugieren que estos animales habrían accedido a ellos deslizándose por los túneles y cuevas excavados por los roedores.

          Translated abstract

          This paper presents the results of taphonomic research carried out on the bioarchaeological record of the Laguna Tres Reyes 1 site (Buenos Aires Province, Argentina). The variables analyzed were root etching, chemical deposition (calcium carbonate coating and manganese staining), bone destruction, fractures, rodent and carnivore activities, excavation and cleaning marks, weathering, and bone integrity. Based on a macroscopic examination of the surface of the human bones found at the site, this study shows that the skeletons were affected by the activity of small rodents, which left scarce traces on the bones. It is also suggested that small-sized carnivores were able to reach the burials through tunnels excavated previously by the rodents. In general terms, and taking into consideration the alteration of the cortical tissues, the results show that the burials present a complex taphonomic history of low intensity.

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          Taphonomic and ecologic information from bone weathering

          Bones of recent mammals in the Amboseli Basin, southern Kenya, exhibit distinctive weathering characteristics that can be related to the time since death and to the local conditions of temperature, humidity and soil chemistry. A categorization of weathering characteristics into six stages, recognizable on descriptive criteria, provides a basis for investigation of weathering rates and processes. The time necessary to achieve each successive weathering stage has been calibrated using known-age carcasses. Most bones decompose beyond recognition in 10 to 15 yr. Bones of animals under 100 kg and juveniles appear to weather more rapidly than bones of large animals or adults. Small-scale rather than widespread environmental factors seem to have greatest influence on weathering characteristics and rates. Bone weathering is potentially valuable as evidence for the period of time represented in recent or fossil bone assemblages, including those on archeological sites, and may also be an important tool in censusing populations of animals in modern ecosystems.
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            Bones, Ancient Men and Modern Myths

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              Calcium carbonate concretions formed by the decomposition of organic matter.

              R. Berner (1968)
              Bacterial decomposition of butterfish and smelts in small sealed jars containing seawater and other solutions, for periods ranging from 65 to 205 days, results in a large increase in concentrations of dissolved bicarbonate, carbonate, and ammonia (plus volatile amines). Accompanying this is a rise in pH and the precipitation of Ca(++) ion from solution. The Ca(++) is not precipitated as CaCO(3) but instead as a mixture of calcium fatty acid salts or soaps with from 14 to 18 carbon atoms. This can be explained by the thermodynamic instability of CaCO(3) relative to Ca soaps in the presence of excess free fatty acid. It is suggested that some ancient CaCO(3) concretions, especially those enclosing fossils of soft-bodied organisms, may have formed rapidly after death in the form of natural Ca soap (adipocere) which was later converted to CaCO(3).
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Journal
                iant
                Intersecciones en antropología
                Intersecciones antropol.
                Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales (Olavarría )
                1850-373X
                December 2007
                : 0
                : 8
                : 215-233
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas Argentina
                [2 ] Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires Argentina
                Article
                S1850-373X2007000100016
                5011673f-6b0e-4940-9b10-f28aae0db20e

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Argentina

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1850-373X&lng=en
                Categories
                ANTHROPOLOGY
                ARCHAEOLOGY

                Archaeology,Anthropology
                Hunter-gatherers,Primary burials,Taphonomy,High macroscopic preservation,Carnivore marks,Cazadores-recolectores,Entierros primarios,Tafonomía,Alta preservación macroscópica,Marcas de carnívoro

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