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      • Record: found
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      The Effect of Long Service Life on the Accuracy of Dentaport ZX Electronic Apex Locator

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          Abstract

          Introduction:

          Electronic apex locators are among the most acceptable instruments for determining root canal length . The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of long service life on the accuracy of the Dentaport Root ZX (DP ZX) electronic apex locator (EAL).

          Materials and Methods:

          In this study, fifty single-rooted freshly extracted human teeth were used. After determining the root canal length with a K-file and a dental operative microscope, the canals were measured with four separate DP ZX apex locators (two with more than 6 years of life service while two others had less than 6 years of life service). Data were analyzed by repeated ANOVA measurement.

          Results:

          No significant difference was found between the EALs with different years of life services ( P=0.62). All EALs could determine root canal length with high accuracy of more than 94%.

          Conclusion:

          Based on the results of this in vitro study, the long service life had no significant impact on the accuracy of DP ZX EALs in terms of root canal length determination.

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          Most cited references43

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          Outcome of primary root canal treatment: systematic review of the literature -- Part 2. Influence of clinical factors.

          Y-L Ng, V. Mann, S Rahbaran … (2008)
          (i) To carry out meta-analyses to quantify the influence of the clinical factors on the efficacy of primary root canal treatment and (ii) to identify the best treatment protocol based on the current evidence. The evidence for the effect of each clinical factor on the success rate (SR) of primary root canal treatment was gathered in three different ways: (i) intuitive synthesis of reported findings from individual studies; (ii) weighted pooled SR by each factor under investigation was estimated using random-effect meta-analysis; (iii) weighted effect of the factor under investigation on SR were estimated and expressed as odds ratio for the dichotomous outcomes (success or failure) using fixed- and random-effects meta-analysis. Statistical heterogeneity amongst the studies was assessed by Cochran's (Q) test. Potential sources of statistical heterogeneity were investigated by exploring clinical heterogeneity using meta-regression models which included study characteristics in the regression models. Out of the clinical factors investigated, pre-operative pulpal and periapical status were most frequently investigated, whilst the intra-operative factors were poorly studied in the 63 studies. Four factors were found to have a significant effect on the primary root canal treatment outcome, although the data heterogeneity was substantial, some of which could be explained by some of the study characteristics. Four conditions (pre-operative absence of periapical radiolucency, root filling with no voids, root filling extending to 2 mm within the radiographic apex and satisfactory coronal restoration) were found to improve the outcome of primary root canal treatment significantly. Root canal treatment should therefore aim at achieving and maintaining access to apical anatomy during chemo-mechanical debridement, obturating the canal with densely compacted material to the apical terminus without extrusion into the apical tissues and preventing re-infection with a good quality coronal restoration.
          Article 0 comments Cited 108 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            The position and topography of the apical canal constriction and apical foramen.

            Owen McGinn, D. Jasper G. Rees, Paul Dummer (1984)
            Article 0 comments Cited 63 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              The fundamental operating principles of electronic root canal length measurement devices.

              Ben J. Hayes, Paul Dummer, M. Ghandi … (2006)
              It is generally accepted that root canal treatment procedures should be confined within the root canal system. To achieve this objective the canal terminus must be detected accurately during canal preparation and precise control of working length during the process must be maintained. Several techniques have been used for determining the apical canal terminus including electronic methods. However, the fundamental electronic operating principles and classification of the electronic devices used in this method are often unknown and a matter of controversy. The basic assumption with all electronic length measuring devices is that human tissues have certain characteristics that can be modelled by a combination of electrical components. Therefore, by measuring the electrical properties of the model, such as resistance and impedance, it should be possible to detect the canal terminus. The root canal system is surrounded by dentine and cementum that are insulators to electrical current. At the minor apical foramen, however, there is a small hole in which conductive materials within the canal space (tissue, fluid) are electrically connected to the periodontal ligament that is itself a conductor of electric current. Thus, dentine, along with tissue and fluid inside the canal, forms a resistor, the value of which depends on their dimensions, and their inherent resistivity. When an endodontic file penetrates inside the canal and approaches the minor apical foramen, the resistance between the endodontic file and the foramen decreases, because the effective length of the resistive material (dentine, tissue, fluid) decreases. As well as resistive properties, the structure of the tooth root has capacitive characteristics. Therefore, various electronic methods have been developed that use a variety of other principles to detect the canal terminus. Whilst the simplest devices measure resistance, other devices measure impedance using either high frequency, two frequencies, or multiple frequencies. In addition, some systems use low frequency oscillation and/or a voltage gradient method to detect the canal terminus. The aim of this review was to clarify the fundamental operating principles of the different types of electronic systems that claim to measure canal length.
              Article 0 comments Cited 55 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Iran Endod J
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Iran Endod J
                Journal ID (publisher-id): IEJ
                Title: Iranian Endodontic Journal
                Publisher: Iranian Center for Endodontic Research (Tehran, Iran )
                ISSN (Print): 1735-7497
                ISSN (Electronic): 2008-2746
                Publication date (Print): 2022
                Volume: 17
                Issue: 4
                Pages: 195-199
                Affiliations
                [a ] Endodontology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran;
                [b ] Endodontic Department, Dental School, Khorasan Shomali University of Medical Sciences, Bojnord, Iran;
                [c ] Endodontic Department, Dental School, Shahid Saddoghi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author: Dr. Hamed Manochehrifar, Endodontology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran E-mail: h.manochehrifar@kmu.ac.ir
                Article
                DOI: 10.22037/iej.v17i4.34623
                PMC ID: 9868994
                PubMed ID: 36703688
                SO-VID: 5004a7bc-6bfa-42cb-a04d-b68fcf033575
                License:

                This open-access article has been distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/

                History
                Date received : 16 June 2022
                Date revision received : 18 September 2022
                Date accepted : 24 September 2022
                Categories
                Subject: Original Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Dentistry
                Keywords: apex locator,apical foramen,endodontics,root canal preparation,root canal therapy
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Dentistry
                Keywords: apex locator, apical foramen, endodontics, root canal preparation, root canal therapy

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