Photobiomodulation on isolated mitochondria at 810 nm: first results on the efficiency of the energy conversion process

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Abstract

In this paper the photobiomodulation on isolated mitochondria of bovine liver is studied as a thermodynamic process of conversion of energy. This analysis is conducted by considering a particular set-up for the photobiomodulation experiments of interest. It allows, in particular, the computation of the electromagnetic field and the related energetic quantities in the stimulated organelles. The measurements of the excess of biochemical power density produced by the illuminated mitochondria are performed at regular time intervals after the experiments. The calculations and the measurements finally allow us to obtain the first results on the efficiency of the process of conversion of electromagnetic energy into excess of biochemical energy released by the isolated organelles.

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Mechanisms and Mitochondrial Redox Signaling in Photobiomodulation

Michael Hamblin (2018)

Photobiomodulation (PBM) involves the use of red or near-infrared light at low power densities to produce a beneficial effect on cells or tissues. PBM therapy is used to reduce pain, inflammation, edema, and to regenerate damaged tissues such as wounds, bones and tendons. The primary site of light absorption in mammalian cells has been identified as the mitochondria, and more specifically, cytochrome c oxidase (CCO). It is hypothesized that inhibitory nitric oxide can be dissociated from CCO thus restoring electron transport and increasing mitochondrial membrane potential. Another mechanism involves activation of light or heat-gated ion channels. This review will cover the redox signaling that occurs in PBM and examine the difference between healthy and stressed cells, where PBM can have apparently opposite effects. PBM has a marked effect on stem cells, and this is proposed to operate via mitochondrial redox signaling. PBM can act as a pre-conditioning regimen, and can interact with exercise on muscles. Photobiomodulation uses red or NIR light to stimulate healing and regeneration in tissue. The primary chromophores are cytochrome c oxidase in mitochondria and light/heat gated ion channels. Both mechanisms lead to generation of reactive oxygen species that can activate transcription factors and may act as an exercise mimetic.

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Optical properties of water in the near infrared*

Kent F. Palmer, D. Williams (1974)

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Photobiomodulation—Underlying Mechanism and Clinical Applications

Claudia Dompe, Lisa Moncrieff, Jacek Matys … (2020)

The purpose of this study is to explore the possibilities for the application of laser therapy in medicine and dentistry by analyzing lasers’ underlying mechanism of action on different cells, with a special focus on stem cells and mechanisms of repair. The interest in the application of laser therapy in medicine and dentistry has remarkably increased in the last decade. There are different types of lasers available and their usage is well defined by different parameters, such as: wavelength, energy density, power output, and duration of radiation. Laser irradiation can induce a photobiomodulatory (PBM) effect on cells and tissues, contributing to a directed modulation of cell behaviors, enhancing the processes of tissue repair. Photobiomodulation (PBM), also known as low-level laser therapy (LLLT), can induce cell proliferation and enhance stem cell differentiation. Laser therapy is a non-invasive method that contributes to pain relief and reduces inflammation, parallel to the enhanced healing and tissue repair processes. The application of these properties was employed and observed in the treatment of various diseases and conditions, such as diabetes, brain injury, spinal cord damage, dermatological conditions, oral irritation, and in different areas of dentistry.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Mirco Raffetto: mirco.raffetto@unige.it

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Sci Rep

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Sci Rep

Title: Scientific Reports

Publisher: Nature Publishing Group UK (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 2045-2322

Publication date (Electronic): 14 May 2024

Publication date PMC-release: 14 May 2024

Publication date Collection: 2024

Volume: 14

Electronic Location Identifier: 11060

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, ( https://ror.org/0107c5v14) Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genoa, Italy

[2 ]Department of Electrical, Electronic, Telecommunications Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Genoa, ( https://ror.org/0107c5v14) Via Opera Pia 11a, 16145 Genoa, Italy

[3 ]Department of Mechanical, Energy, Management and Transport Engineering, University of Genova, ( https://ror.org/0107c5v14) Via Opera Pia 15, 16145 Genoa, Italy

[4 ]Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, ( https://ror.org/0107c5v14) Via L. B. Alberti 2, 16132 Genoa, Italy

Article

Publisher ID: 61740

DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61740-w

PMC ID: 11094005

PubMed ID: 38744931

SO-VID: 4fe30049-a7e7-4f0d-8ee5-3b91df83b888

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Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

History

Date received : 13 December 2023

Date accepted : 9 May 2024

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized

Keywords: low-level light therapy,photobiomodulation,laser biostimulation,phototherapy,photostimulation,near-infrared band,electromagnetic field,computer assisted dosimetry calculation,mitochondria,energy conversion,efficiency,thermodynamic,cell biology,medical research,optics and photonics

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized

Keywords: low-level light therapy, photobiomodulation, laser biostimulation, phototherapy, photostimulation, near-infrared band, electromagnetic field, computer assisted dosimetry calculation, mitochondria, energy conversion, efficiency, thermodynamic, cell biology, medical research, optics and photonics

Photobiomodulation on isolated mitochondria at 810 nm: first results on the efficiency of the energy conversion process

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Abstract

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Evolutionary Cell Biology

Most cited references 45

Mechanisms and Mitochondrial Redox Signaling in Photobiomodulation

Optical properties of water in the near infrared*

Photobiomodulation—Underlying Mechanism and Clinical Applications

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