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      An Upgrade Proposal from the PHENIX Collaboration

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          Abstract

          In this document the PHENIX collaboration proposes a major upgrade to the PHENIX detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. This upgrade, sPHENIX, enables an extremely rich jet and beauty quarkonia physics program addressing fundamental questions about the nature of the strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma (QGP), discovered experimentally at RHIC to be a perfect fluid. The startling dynamics of the QGP on fluid-like length scales is an emergent property of quantum chromodynamics (QCD), seemingly implicit in the Lagrangian but stubbornly hidden from view. QCD is an asymptotically free theory, but how QCD manifests as a strongly coupled fluid with specific shear viscosity near \(T_C\), as low as allowed by the uncertainty principle, is as fundamental an issue as that of how confinement itself arises.

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          Viscosity in Strongly Interacting Quantum Field Theories from Black Hole Physics

          The ratio of shear viscosity to volume density of entropy can be used to characterize how close a given fluid is to being perfect. Using string theory methods, we show that this ratio is equal to a universal value of \(\hbar/4\pi k_B\) for a large class of strongly interacting quantum field theories whose dual description involves black holes in anti--de Sitter space. We provide evidence that this value may serve as a lower bound for a wide class of systems, thus suggesting that black hole horizons are dual to the most ideal fluids.
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            Dissipative phenomena in quark-gluon plasmas

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              Entropy and Temperature of Black 3-Branes

              , , (2009)
              We consider slightly non-extremal black 3-branes of type IIB supergravity and show that their Bekenstein-Hawking entropy agrees, up to a mysterious factor, with an entropy derived by counting non-BPS excitations of the Dirichlet 3-brane. These excitations are described in terms of the statistical mechanics of a 3+1 dimensional gas of massless open string states. This is essentially the classic problem of blackbody radiation. The blackbody temperature is related to the temperature of the Hawking radiation. We also construct a solution of type IIB supergravity describing a 3-brane with a finite density of longitudinal momentum. For extremal momentum-carrying 3-branes the horizon area vanishes. This is in agreement with the fact that the BPS entropy of the momentum-carrying Dirichlet 3-branes is not an extensive quantity.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                2015-01-25
                Article
                1501.06197
                4fdac518-3ebc-4712-bcdf-0bc6ddce7f95

                http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/

                History
                Custom metadata
                476 authors, 237 pages, lists of figures and tables, 219 references
                nucl-ex

                Nuclear physics
                Nuclear physics

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