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      Olivine-norite rock detected by the lunar rover Yutu-2 likely crystallized from the SPA-impact melt pool

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          Abstract

          Chang’E-4 landed in the South Pole-Aitken (SPA) basin, providing a unique chance to probe the composition of the lunar interior. Its landing site is located on ejecta strips in Von Kármán crater that possibly originate from the neighboring Finsen crater. A surface rock and the lunar regolith at 10 sites along the rover Yutu-2 track were measured by the onboard Visible and Near-Infrared Imaging Spectrometer in the first three lunar days of mission operations. In situ spectra of the regolith have peak band positions at 1 and 2 μm, similar to the spectral data of Finsen ejecta from the Moon Mineralogy Mapper, which confirms that the regolith's composition of the landing area is mostly similar to that of Finsen ejecta. The rock spectrum shows similar band peak positions, but stronger absorptions, suggesting relatively fresh exposure. The rock may consist of 38.1 ± 5.4% low-Ca pyroxene, 13.9 ± 5.1% olivine and 48.0 ± 3.1% plagioclase, referred to as olivine-norite. The plagioclase-abundant and olivine-poor modal composition of the rock is inconsistent with the origin of the mantle, but representative of the lunar lower crust. Alternatively, the rock crystallized from the impact-derived melt pool formed by the SPA-impact event via mixing the lunar crust and mantle materials. This scenario is consistent with fast-cooling thermal conditions of a shallow melt pool, indicated by the fine to medium-sized texture (<3 mm) of the rock and the SPA-impact melting model [ Icarus 2012; 220: 730–43].

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Natl Sci Rev
                Natl Sci Rev
                nsr
                National Science Review
                Oxford University Press
                2095-5138
                2053-714X
                May 2020
                14 November 2019
                14 November 2019
                : 7
                : 5
                : 913-920
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100029, China
                [2 ] Key Laboratory of Space Active Opto-Electronics Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200083, China
                [3 ] State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Macau University of Science and Technology , Macau, China
                [4 ] Beijing Institute of Space Mechanics and Electricity , Beijing 100076, China
                [5 ] State Key Laboratory of Space Weather, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
                [6 ] State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101, China
                [7 ] Key Laboratory of Electronics and Information Technology for Space System, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
                [8 ] Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xi’an 710119, China
                [9 ] Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chengdu 610209, China
                [10 ] Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment, Institute of Space Sciences, Shandong University , Weihai 264209, China
                Author notes
                Corresponding author. E-mail: linyt@ 123456mail.iggcas.ac.cn

                Equally contributed to this work.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-8243
                Article
                nwz183
                10.1093/nsr/nwz183
                8288882
                34692112
                4f6ab3b7-2d69-4072-9ce4-068d1cbaaf32
                © The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of China Science Publishing & Media Ltd.

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 06 July 2019
                : 11 October 2019
                : 09 November 2019
                Page count
                Pages: 8
                Funding
                Funded by: Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences;
                Funded by: Chinese Academy of Sciences, DOI 10.13039/501100002367;
                Award ID: QYZDJ-SSW-DQC001
                Funded by: National Natural Science Foundation of China, DOI 10.13039/501100001809;
                Award ID: 41902318
                Award ID: 41490631
                Award ID: 41525016
                Award ID: 11941001
                Funded by: Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission, DOI 10.13039/501100009592;
                Award ID: Z181100002918003
                Categories
                Research Article
                Earth Sciences
                AcademicSubjects/MED00010
                AcademicSubjects/SCI00010

                impact basin,lunar interior composition,visible and near-infrared spectra,lunar rover yutu-2,chang’e-4 mission

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