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      High prevalence of hepatitis C infection among Brazilian hemodialysis patients in Rio de Janeiro: a one-year follow-up study Translated title: Alta prevalência de infecção pelo virus da hepatite C em pacientes de hemodiálise do Rio de Janeiro: estudo de acompanhamento durante 1 ano

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          Abstract

          Nearly 400 hemodialysis patients treated at 5 different hemodialysis units in Rio de Janeiro were tested for one year for the presence of hepatitis C and B markers. During the same period, samples were also obtained from 35 continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients and from 242 health care workers. Depending on the hemodialysis unit studied, anti-HCV prevalence rates ranging from 47% to 82% (mean 65%) were detected. CAPD patients showed a lower prevalence of 17%. The prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) among health care workers was 2.9%. We observed a hepatitis C attack rate of 11.5% per year in the anti-HCV-negative hemodialysis patient population. An average of 9.4% of the hemodialysis patients were chronic carriers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) (range 1.8% - 20.4%), while 48.9% showed markers of previous HBV infection. The HBV attack rate was 4.5% per year (range 0% - 6%). These results indicate an alarming high prevalence of anti-HCV among hemodialysis patients of this studied region.

          Translated abstract

          Aproximadamente 400 pacientes de hemodiálise tratados em 5 diferentes unidades no Rio de Janeiro foram acompanhados durante 1 ano para presença de marcadores virais de hepatite B e C. Durante o mesmo período, amostras foram também de 35 pacientes ambulatoriais de diálise peritonial contínua (CAPD) e de 242 funcionários das unidades. Dependendo da unidade em estudo foram detectadas prevalências de anti-HCV variando de 47% a 82% (média 65%). Pacientes de CAPD demonstraram uma baixa prevalência de 17%. A prevalência de anti-HCV em funcionários foi de 2.9%. Observamos uma taxa de ataque de hepatite C de 11.5% por ano na população paciente de hemodiálise anti-HCV-negativo. Uma média de 9.4% de pacientes de hemodiálise eram portadores crônicos do vírus da hepatite B (VHB) (taxa de 1.8% a 20.4%), enquanto 48.9% apresentaram marcadores de infecção passada de HBV. A taxa de ataque de HBV foi de 4.5% por ano (taxa de 0% a 6%). Esses resultados indicam uma alarmante prevalência alta de anti-HCV em pacientes de hemodiálise dessa região estudada.

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          Isolation of a cDNA clone derived from a blood-borne non-A, non-B viral hepatitis genome

          A random-primed complementary DNA library was constructed from plasma containing the uncharacterized non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANBH) agent and screened with serum from a patient diagnosed with NANBH. A complementary DNA clone was isolated that was shown to encode an antigen associated specifically with NANBH infections. This clone is not derived from host DNA but from an RNA molecule present in NANBH infections that consists of at least 10,000 nucleotides and that is positive-stranded with respect to the encoded NANBH antigen. These data indicate that this clone is derived from the genome of the NANBH agent and are consistent with the agent being similar to the togaviridae or flaviviridae. This molecular approach should be of great value in the isolation and characterization of other unidentified infectious agents.
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            Isolation of dengue virus type 2 in Rio de Janeiro

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              Risk factors for acute non-A, non-B hepatitis in the United States and association with hepatitis C virus infection.

              The Centers for Disease Control conducted intensive surveillance for acute non-A, non-B hepatitis in four sentinel counties over a 7-year period. Testing for antibody to hepatitis C virus was performed with the newly developed enzyme immunoassay. The incidence of non-A, non-B hepatitis remained relatively stable (average, 7.1 cases per 100,000, but there were significant changes in disease transmission patterns. The proportion of patients with a history of blood transfusion declined from 17% to 6%, but the proportion with a history of parenteral drug use increased from 21% to 42%. The proportion of patients with histories of sexual exposure (6%), household exposure (3%), occupational exposure to blood (2%), or hemodialysis (0.6%) did not change over time. Antibody to hepatitis C virus was found in 45% of patients within 6 weeks of onset of illness and in 68% of patients followed up for at least 6 months. Patients with no history of transfusions were just as likely to be positive for antibody to hepatitis C virus as patients with transfusion-associated hepatitis, indicating that hepatitis C virus is the major causative agent of all non-A, non-B hepatitis in the United States.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rimtsp
                Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo
                Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo
                Instituto de Medicina Tropical (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                1678-9946
                February 1995
                : 37
                : 1
                : 75-79
                Affiliations
                [02] Rio de Janeiro orgnameFundação Oswaldo Cruz orgdiv1Department of Virology Brazil
                [01] orgnameInnogenetics N.V.
                Article
                S0036-46651995000100012 S0036-4665(95)03700112
                10.1590/S0036-46651995000100012
                4f6817ee-5b38-443c-af98-fc9b179b4c7b

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 06 May 1994
                : 25 August 1994
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 20, Pages: 5
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Epidemiology

                Hepatitis B virus,Hepatitis C virus,CAPD,Brazil,Hemodialysis,Hepatitis C transmission

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