The use of gypsum mining by-product and lime on the engineering properties of compressed earth blocks

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Abstract

Disadvantages of compressed earth blocks are their poor mechanical properties and low resistance to water damage. Therefore, their use is vulnerable to deterioration and require care and maintenance, which depends on the degree of stabilization and compaction of the clay soil. Gypsum mining wastes and lime used as stabilization materials to improve the properties of these construction materials. The compressive and flexural strength, softening in water, drying shrinkage and unit weight determined. Strength values increased with both mining waste additions. Highest resistance against softening in water obtained with a 25% of mining waste. Drying shrinkage reduced with increasing mining waste content. Dry unit weight was not in the recommended standards. Results showed that gypsum mining wastes can be used as alternative materials to stabilize compressed earth blocks.

Translated abstract

Las desventajas de los bloques de tierra comprimida son sus bajas propiedades mecánicas y resistencia al daño al agua. Por lo tanto, su uso es vulnerable al deterioro y requiere cuidado y mantenimiento, dependiendo del grado de estabilización y compactación del suelo arcilloso. Residuos de minería del yeso y cal se utilizaron como estabilizantes para mejorar las propiedades de estos materiales de construcción. Resistencia a compresión y flexión, ablandamiento en agua, retracción por secado y peso unitario se determinaron. La resistencia aumento con la adición de residuo de minería. La resistencia al ablandamiento en agua fue mayor con 25% de residuo de minería. La contracción por secado disminuyo con el aumento del contenido de residuo de minería. El peso unitario seco no estaba en los estándares recomendados. Los resultados mostraron que los residuos de minería del yeso pueden utilizarse como materiales alternativos en la estabilización de bloques de tierra comprimida.

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Effect of organic residues addition on the technological properties of clay bricks.

İsmail Demir (2008)

The objective of this study is to investigate the utilization potential of several organic residues in clay bricks. Sawdust, tobacco residues, and grass are widespread by-products of industrial and agricultural processes in Turkey. These residue materials have long cellulose fibres. Sawdust and tobacco residues generally are used as fuel, and the grass is utilized for agricultural purposes. The insulation capacity of brick increases with the increasing porosity of the clay body. Combustible, organic types of pore-forming additives are most frequently used for this purpose. For this reason, increasing amounts of organic residues (0%, 2.5%, 5% and 10% in wt.) were mixed with raw brick-clay. All samples were fired at 900 degrees C. Effects on shaping, plasticity, density, and mechanical properties were investigated. The organic residue additions were found to be effective for pore-forming in the clay body with the clay maintaining acceptable mechanical properties. It was observed that the fibrous nature of the residues did not create extrusion problems. However, higher residue addition required a higher water content to ensure the right plasticity. As a result, sawdust, tobacco residues, and grass can be utilized in an environmentally safe way as organic pore-forming agents in brick-clay.