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      EVALUACIÓN DEL RIESGO SANITARIO EN UN CULTIVO DE LECHUGA (Lactuca sativa) DEBIDO AL RIEGO CON AGUAS RESIDUALES SIN TRATAR EN EL CENTRO AGROPECUARIO MARENGO (CUNDINAMARCA, COLOMBIA) Translated title: HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT IN A LETTUCE (Lactuca sativa) CROP DUE TO IRRIGATION WITH UNTREATED WASTEWATER IN THE MARENGO AGRICULTURAL CENTER (CUNDINAMARCA, COLOMBIA)

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          Abstract

          La inocuidad de los cultivos de hortalizas, y por consiguiente el riesgo sanitario para el agricultor y el consumidor, está relacionada con la calidad del agua utilizada para riego. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar el riesgo sanitario debido al riego con aguas residuales sin tratar en un cultivo de lechuga (Lactuca sativa). Para el efecto se analizó la calidad microbiológica del agua utilizada para riego, del suelo y de las lechugas en el Centro Agropecuario Marengo, en una zona agrícola que distribuye alimentos a la capital del país y otros municipios. Se seleccionó un cultivo de lechuga con riego por aspersión y se evaluaron las concentraciones de indicadores de contaminación fecal bacterianos (coliformes fecales y Salmonella spp.), virales (colifagos somáticos) y parasitarios (huevos de helminto). Se encontró que las concentraciones de estos microorganismos superan en algunos casos las propuestas por la normativa (coliformes fecales entre 1,3 x 10³-1,4 x 10(4) UFC/100 ml y 1,2 HHV/L) lo quea puede generar riesgo para la salud de los agricultores y los consumidores. Los valores de Salmonella spp. en las tres matrices estuvieron por debajo del Límite de Cuantificación. Los colifagos no superaron concentraciones de 10² PFP/100 ml en aguas y por 4 g en suelos. Los huevos de helminto 1,2/4 g de suelo y 1,4/kg PF en lechugas.

          Translated abstract

          Innocuousness of vegetable crops and consequently the resultant health risk for farmers and consumers are associated with the quality of water used for irrigation. The objective of this study was to assess the health risks due to irrigation with untreated wastewater in a lettuce crop (Lactuca sativa). The microbiological quality of the water used for irrigation, the soil and the harvest were assessed at the Marengo Agricultural Center, an agricultural area that supplies food to the capital city and other municipalities. A lettuce crop irrigated through sprinkling was selected and concentrations of indicators of bacterial fecal (fecal coliforms and Salmonella spp.), viral (somatic coliphages) and parasitic (helminth eggs) contamination were evaluated. It was found that concentration of these microorganisms in some cases exceeded those proposed in the guidelines (fecal coliforms between 1.3 x 10³-1.4 x 10(4) CFU/100 ml and 1.2 HHV/L) which can generate health risks for farmers and consumers.Salmonella spp. values were below the Limit of Quantitation in all three matrices. Coliphages did not exceed concentrations of 10² PFP/100 ml in water and 4 g in soils. Helminth eggs were 1.2/4 g in soil y 1.4/kg PF in lettuce.

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          Most cited references58

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          Estimation of norovirus infection risks to consumers of wastewater-irrigated food crops eaten raw.

          A quantitative microbial risk analysis-Monte Carlo method was used to estimate norovirus infection risks to consumers of wastewater-irrigated lettuce. Using the same assumptions as used in the 2006 WHO guidelines for the safe use of wastewater in agriculture, a norovirus reduction of 6 log units was required to achieve a norovirus infection risk of approximately 10(-3) per person per year (pppy), but for a lower consumption of lettuce (40-48 g per week vs. 350 g per week) the required reduction was 5 log units. If the tolerable additional disease burden is increased from a DALY (disability-adjusted life year) loss of 10(-6) pppy (the value used in the WHO guidelines) to 10(-5) pppy, the required pathogen reduction is one order of magnitude lower. Reductions of 4-6 log units can be achieved by very simple partial treatment (principally settling to achieve a 1-log unit reduction) supplemented by very reliable post-treatment health-protection control measures such as pathogen die-off (1-2 log units), produce washing in cold water (1 log unit) and produce disinfection (3 log units).
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            Irrigation in developing countries using wastewater

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              Prevalence and control of pathogenic contamination in some sewage irrigated vegetable, forage and cereal grain crops.

              A total of 344 samples comprising of different vegetables, fodder and grain crops were obtained from a long-term experiment under sewage irrigation. The aerobic bacterial plate counts for vegetables, fodder and grain crops ranged between 2 x 10(6) and 3.5 x 10(7), 6 x 10(6) and 3 x 10(8), 2 x 10(5) and 3.8 x 10(10), respectively, while the corresponding Faecal coliform ranged between < 2 and 9 x 10(5), 9 x 10(2) and 2 x 10(5) and < 2, indicating that the pathogenic loads got reduced below permissible level in the produce that was harvested after sun drying in the field itself, whereas the parts coming in direct contact were the most severely contaminated. The health hazards could be markedly lowered with adoption of some of the low cost practices such as repeated washings, exposure of the produce to sunlight and raising the crops on beds. The coliform counts in vegetables were within permissible limits by two washings with water, exposing these to sunlight for about 4 h and removing the two outmost leaves of cabbage. Also, cutting above some height from ground level (0.10 m) in sorghum reduced the pollution load in fodder crops.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                biosa
                Biosalud
                Biosalud
                Universidad de Caldas
                1657-9550
                June 2015
                : 14
                : 1
                : 69-78
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Colombia
                [2 ] Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Colombia
                [3 ] Universidad Nacional de Colombia Colombia
                Article
                S1657-95502015000100008
                10.17151/biosa.2015.14.1.8
                4ea017f9-7e97-45c4-aeec-047a2a638760

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1657-9550&lng=en
                Categories
                HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES

                Health & Social care
                hortalizas,patógenos,inocuidad,riego por aspersión,vegetables,pathogens,innocuousness,sprinkling irrigation

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