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      The changes and its significance of peripheral blood NK cells in patients with tuberculous meningitis

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          Abstract

          Objective

          Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most severe form of tuberculosis (TB). The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between the number of natural killer (NK) cells and adaptive immune status, and disease severity in TBM patients.

          Methods

          We conducted a retrospective study on 244 TB patients and 146 healthy control subjects in the 8th Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital from March 2018 and August 2023.

          Results

          The absolute count of NK cells in the peripheral blood of TBM patients was significantly lower than that in normal controls (NC), latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), and non-severe TB (NSTB) patients ( p < 0.05). The proportion of TBM patients (48.7%) with a lower absolute count of NK cells than the normal reference value was significantly higher than that in NC (5.2%) and LTBI groups (4.0%) ( p < 0.05), and slightly higher than that in NSTB group (36.0%) ( p > 0.05). The absolute counts of lymphocyte subsets in TBM combined with other active TB group, etiology (+) group, IGRA (−) group, and antibody (+) group were lower than that in simple TBM group, etiology (−) group, IGRA (+) group, and antibody (−) group, respectively. The CD3 + T, NK, and B cells in BMRC-stage III TBM patients were significantly lower than those in stage I and stage II patients ( p < 0.05). The counts of CD3 + T, CD4 + T, and B cells in the etiology (+) group were significantly lower than those in the etiology (−) group ( p < 0.05).

          Conclusion

          The absolute counts of lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood of TBM patients were significantly decreased, especially in NK cells. The reduction of these immune cells was closely related to the disease severity and had a certain correlation with cellular and humoral immune responses. This study helps to better understand the immune mechanism of TBM and provides reliable indicators for evaluating the immune status of TBM patients in clinical practice.

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          Most cited references52

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          Assessment of coma and impaired consciousness. A practical scale.

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            A Functional Role for Antibodies in Tuberculosis.

            While a third of the world carries the burden of tuberculosis, disease control has been hindered by a lack of tools, including a rapid, point-of-care diagnostic and a protective vaccine. In many infectious diseases, antibodies (Abs) are powerful biomarkers and important immune mediators. However, in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, a discriminatory or protective role for humoral immunity remains unclear. Using an unbiased antibody profiling approach, we show that individuals with latent tuberculosis infection (Ltb) and active tuberculosis disease (Atb) have distinct Mtb-specific humoral responses, such that Ltb infection is associated with unique Ab Fc functional profiles, selective binding to FcγRIII, and distinct Ab glycosylation patterns. Moreover, compared to Abs from Atb, Abs from Ltb drove enhanced phagolysosomal maturation, inflammasome activation, and, most importantly, macrophage killing of intracellular Mtb. Combined, these data point to a potential role for Fc-mediated Ab effector functions, tuned via differential glycosylation, in Mtb control.
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              B cells and antibodies in the defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.

              Better understanding of the immunological components and their interactions necessary to prevent or control Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection in humans is critical for tuberculosis (TB) vaccine development strategies. Although the contributory role of humoral immunity in the protection against Mtb infection and disease is less defined than the role of T cells, it has been well-established for many other intracellular pathogens. Here we update and discuss the increasing evidence and the mechanisms of B cells and antibodies in the defense against Mtb infection. We posit that B cells and antibodies have a variety of potential protective roles at each stage of Mtb infection and postulate that such roles should be considered in the development strategies for TB vaccines and other immune-based interventions.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
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                URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/1680478/overviewRole: Role: Role: Role: Role:
                Journal
                Front Microbiol
                Front Microbiol
                Front. Microbiol.
                Frontiers in Microbiology
                Frontiers Media S.A.
                1664-302X
                29 February 2024
                2024
                : 15
                : 1344162
                Affiliations
                [1] 1Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Institute of Tuberculosis Research, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The 8th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital , Beijing, China
                [2] 2Department of Tuberculosis, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The 8th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital , Beijing, China
                Author notes

                Edited by: Amanda J. Martinot, Tufts University, United States

                Reviewed by: Alok Kumar Singh, Johns Hopkins Medicine, United States

                Ashima Bhaskar, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, India

                *Correspondence: Xueqiong Wu, xueqiongwu@ 123456139.com

                These authors have contributed equally to this work

                Article
                10.3389/fmicb.2024.1344162
                10937341
                38486698
                4e8b9de5-d31d-453b-ab6f-031e5faa3754
                Copyright © 2024 Mi, Liu, Xue, Sun, Liang, Liang, An and Wu.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                : 25 November 2023
                : 01 February 2024
                Page count
                Figures: 3, Tables: 3, Equations: 0, References: 53, Pages: 10, Words: 8271
                Funding
                The author(s) declare that no financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
                Categories
                Microbiology
                Original Research
                Custom metadata
                Infectious Agents and Disease

                Microbiology & Virology
                tuberculous meningitis,lymphocyte subsets,nk cells,peripheral blood,disease severity,igra,antibody

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