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      In vitro anticancer screening of 24 locally used Nigerian medicinal plants

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          Abstract

          Background

          Plants that are used as traditional medicine represent a relevant pool for selecting plant candidates that may have anticancer properties. In this study, the ethnomedicinal approach was used to select several medicinal plants native to Nigeria, on the basis of their local or traditional uses. The collected plants were then evaluated for cytoxicity.

          Methods

          The antitumor activity of methanolic extracts obtained from 24 of the selected plants, were evaluated in vitro on five human cancer cell lines.

          Results

          Results obtained from the plants screened indicate that 18 plant extracts of folk medicine exhibited promising cytotoxic activity against human carcinoma cell lines. Erythrophleum suaveolens (Guill. & Perr.) Brenan was found to demonstrate potent anti-cancer activity in this study exhibiting IC 50 = 0.2-1.3 μg/ml.

          Conclusions

          Based on the significantly potent activity of some plants extracts reported here, further studies aimed at mechanism elucidation and bio-guided isolation of active anticancer compounds is currently underway.

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          Most cited references17

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          Cancer Statistics, 2008

          A. Jemal, R. Siegel, E. Ward … (2008)
          Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the number of new cancer cases and deaths expected in the United States in the current year and compiles the most recent data on cancer incidence, mortality, and survival based on incidence data from the National Cancer Institute, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries and mortality data from the National Center for Health Statistics. Incidence and death rates are age-standardized to the 2000 US standard million population. A total of 1,437,180 new cancer cases and 565,650 deaths from cancer are projected to occur in the United States in 2008. Notable trends in cancer incidence and mortality include stabilization of incidence rates for all cancer sites combined in men from 1995 through 2004 and in women from 1999 through 2004 and a continued decrease in the cancer death rate since 1990 in men and since 1991 in women. Overall cancer death rates in 2004 compared with 1990 in men and 1991 in women decreased by 18.4% and 10.5%, respectively, resulting in the avoidance of over a half million deaths from cancer during this time interval. This report also examines cancer incidence, mortality, and survival by site, sex, race/ethnicity, education, geographic area, and calendar year, as well as the proportionate contribution of selected sites to the overall trends. Although much progress has been made in reducing mortality rates, stabilizing incidence rates, and improving survival, cancer still accounts for more deaths than heart disease in persons under age 85 years. Further progress can be accelerated by supporting new discoveries and by applying existing cancer control knowledge across all segments of the population.
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            Natural products in cancer chemotherapy: past, present and future.

            John Mann (2002)
            Natural products have been the mainstay of cancer chemotherapy for the past 30 years. However, the quickening pace of (aberrant) gene identification, and the new technologies of combinatorial chemistry and high-throughput screening, should provide access to a wide range of new, totally synthetic drugs. Will these new approaches sound the death knell for therapies based on natural products? In reality, natural products are likely to provide many of the lead structures, and these will be used as templates for the construction of novel compounds with enhanced biological properties.
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              Discovery and development of natural product-derived chemotherapeutic agents based on a medicinal chemistry approach.

              Lien-Hsiung Lee (2010)
              Medicinal plants have long been an excellent source of pharmaceutical agents. Accordingly, the long-term objectives of the author's research program are to discover and design new chemotherapeutic agents based on plant-derived compound leads by using a medicinal chemistry approach, which is a combination of chemistry and biology. Different examples of promising bioactive natural products and their synthetic analogues, including sesquiterpene lactones, quassinoids, naphthoquinones, phenylquinolones, dithiophenediones, neo-tanshinlactone, tylophorine, suksdorfin, DCK, and DCP, will be presented with respect to their discovery and preclinical development as potential clinical trial candidates. Research approaches include bioactivity- or mechanism of action-directed isolation and characterization of active compounds, rational drug design-based modification and analogue synthesis, and structure-activity relationship and mechanism of action studies. Current clinical trial agents discovered by the Natural Products Research Laboratories, University of North Carolina, include bevirimat (dimethyl succinyl betulinic acid), which is now in phase IIb trials for treating AIDS. Bevirimat is also the first in a new class of HIV drug candidates called "maturation inhibitors". In addition, an etoposide analogue, GL-331, progressed to anticancer phase II clinical trials, and the curcumin analogue JC-9 is in phase II clinical trials for treating acne and in development for trials against prostate cancer. The discovery and development of these clinical trial candidates will also be discussed.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMC Complement Altern Med
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMC Complement Altern Med
                Title: BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine
                Publisher: BioMed Central
                ISSN (Electronic): 1472-6882
                Publication date Collection: 2013
                Publication date (Electronic): 8 April 2013
                Volume: 13
                Page: 79
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, 3500 John A. Merritt Blvd, Nashville, TN 37217, USA
                [2 ]Department of Chemistry, Tennessee State University, 3500 John A. Merritt Blvd, Nashville, TN 37217, USA
                [3 ]Department of Internal Medicine Meharry Medical College, 1005 Dr. D. B. Todd, Jr. Blvd, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
                [4 ]Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
                [5 ]Department of Wildlife and Eco-tourism Management, Federal College of Wildlife Management, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, New Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria
                Article
                Publisher ID: 1472-6882-13-79
                DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-79
                PMC ID: 3635908
                PubMed ID: 23565862
                SO-VID: 4e61084b-a052-4c15-9366-af10660b975c
                Copyright © Copyright ©2013 Fadeyi et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 22 March 2012
                Date accepted : 14 March 2013
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Complementary & Alternative medicine
                Keywords: nigeria,anti-cancer,ethnomedicine,cytotoxic activity
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Complementary & Alternative medicine
                Keywords: nigeria, anti-cancer, ethnomedicine, cytotoxic activity

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