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      Socioanthropological contributions to physical therapy in chronic back pain Translated title: Contribuições socioantropológicas para o fazer fisioterapêutico na dor crônica em coluna vertebral

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          Abstract

          Abstract Introduction: The high prevalence of chronic back pain is related to biopsychosocial factors. In this respect, pain is understood as a multifactorial phenomenon made unique by the previous ideas of each individual. Thus, the present study aimed Objective: To understand the experience of chronic back pain and the effectiveness of physiotherapeutic approaches to support new care strategies. Methods: In terms of qualitative research, a comprehensive approach was adopted using the theoretical and conceptual framework developed in the fields of anthropology and health. The sample consisted of 13 women residing in the municipality of Várzea Grande, Mato Grosso state (MT), Brazil, over 40 years old, homemakers, diagnosed with chronic back pain, treated at the Univag clinical school and who had completed physiotherapy more than six months previously. Results: Data analysis indicated that more traditional forms of outpatient physiotherapy prompted a significant improvement in chronic back pain. However, because the condition is chronic, all patients relapsed and their pain and dysfunctional conditions returned. Conclusion: Multiple factors influence the experience of chronic back pain and the constant self-management required forms a circular relationship between objective and subjective elements. On the other hand, by disregarding these elements, physiotherapeutic approaches provide predominantly technical and scientific care far removed from the experience of the affected subject. In this respect, the chronic condition requires long-term care, whereby the focus should shift from the pursuit of a cure to the care model.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo Introdução: A alta prevalência das dores crônicas em coluna vertebral está relacionada a fatores biopsicossociais. Nesse sentido a dor é compreendida como um fenômeno multifatorial, porém, singularizada pelos conceitos prévios de cada indivíduo. Objetivo: Compreender a experiência da dor crônica em coluna vertebral e a efetividade das abordagens fisioterapêuticas para subsidiar novas estratégias de cuidados. Métodos: No contexto da pesquisa qualitativa adotou-se a abordagem compreensiva através do referencial teórico e conceitual da fenomenologia desenvolvidos pela área da Antropologia e Saúde. A amostra foi composta por 13 mulheres, residentes no Município de Várzea Grande-MT, acima de 40 anos, trabalhadoras do lar, diagnóstico de dor crônica em coluna vertebral, atendidos na clínica escola do Univag e em alta fisioterapêutica há mais de seis meses. Resultados: A análise dos dados demonstrou que nas formas mais tradicionais a fisioterapia ambulatorial propiciou melhora significativa do quadro de dor crônica em coluna vertebral. No entanto, por se tratar de uma condição crônica, a totalidade dos pacientes recidivaram em seus quadros álgicos e disfuncionais. Conclusão: Há múltiplas influências na construção da experiência da dor crônica em coluna vertebral, admitindo uma relação circular entre elementos objetivos e subjetivos no autogerenciamento constante da mesma. Por outro lado, as abordagens fisioterapêuticas, ao desconsiderarem esses elementos, poderá instituir um cuidado predominantemente técnico-científico distante da experiência do sujeito doente. Nesse sentido a condição crônica requer um cuidado longitudinal no tempo, onde o modelo de cura deve dar lugar ao modelo de cuidado.

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          Most cited references26

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          Non-specific low back pain.

          Non-specific low back pain affects people of all ages and is a leading contributor to disease burden worldwide. Management guidelines endorse triage to identify the rare cases of low back pain that are caused by medically serious pathology, and so require diagnostic work-up or specialist referral, or both. Because non-specific low back pain does not have a known pathoanatomical cause, treatment focuses on reducing pain and its consequences. Management consists of education and reassurance, analgesic medicines, non-pharmacological therapies, and timely review. The clinical course of low back pain is often favourable, thus many patients require little if any formal medical care. Two treatment strategies are currently used, a stepped approach beginning with more simple care that is progressed if the patient does not respond, and the use of simple risk prediction methods to individualise the amount and type of care provided. The overuse of imaging, opioids, and surgery remains a widespread problem.
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            Prevalence of chronic low back pain: systematic review

            OBJECTIVE To estimate worldwide prevalence of chronic low back pain according to age and sex. METHODS We consulted Medline (PubMed), LILACS and EMBASE electronic databases. The search strategy used the following descriptors and combinations: back pain, prevalence, musculoskeletal diseases, chronic musculoskeletal pain, rheumatic, low back pain, musculoskeletal disorders and chronic low back pain. We selected cross-sectional population-based or cohort studies that assessed chronic low back pain as an outcome. We also assessed the quality of the selected studies as well as the chronic low back pain prevalence according to age and sex. RESULTS The review included 28 studies. Based on our qualitative evaluation, around one third of the studies had low scores, mainly due to high non-response rates. Chronic low back pain prevalence was 4.2% in individuals aged between 24 and 39 years old and 19.6% in those aged between 20 and 59. Of nine studies with individuals aged 18 and above, six reported chronic low back pain between 3.9% and 10.2% and three, prevalence between 13.1% and 20.3%. In the Brazilian older population, chronic low back pain prevalence was 25.4%. CONCLUSIONS Chronic low back pain prevalence increases linearly from the third decade of life on, until the 60 years of age, being more prevalent in women. Methodological approaches aiming to reduce high heterogeneity in case definitions of chronic low back pain are essential to consistency and comparative analysis between studies. A standard chronic low back pain definition should include the precise description of the anatomical area, pain duration and limitation level.
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              Understanding Thematic Analysis and its Pitfall

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Journal
                fm
                Fisioterapia em Movimento
                Fisioter. mov.
                Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (Curitiba, PR, Brazil )
                1980-5918
                2017
                : 30
                : suppl 1
                : 101-109
                Affiliations
                [1] São Paulo São Paulo orgnameUniversidade de São Paulo Brazil
                Article
                S0103-51502017000500101
                10.1590/1980-5918.030.s01.ao10
                4e24a819-a0c2-49e1-9ff6-d1dbc0101de0

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 18 April 2017
                : 13 February 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 30, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Brazil


                Qualitative Research,Chronic Pain,Pesquisa Qualitativa,Fisioterapia,Dor Crônica,Physical Therapy Specialty

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