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      The effects of an intensive outpatient treatment for PTSD Translated title: Los efectos de un tratamiento ambulatorio intensivo para tept

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          ABSTRACT

          Introduction: Research has shown that combining different evidence-based PTSD treatments for patients with PTSD in an intensive inpatient format seems to be a promising approach to enhance efficiency and reduce generally high dropout rates.

          Objective: To assess the effectiveness of an intensive six-day outpatient trauma-focused treatment for patients with PTSD.

          Method: Data from 146 patients (89.7% female, mean age = 36.79, SD = 11.31) with PTSD due to multiple traumatization were included in the analyses. The treatment programme consisted of six days of treatment within two weeks, with two daily individual 90-minute trauma-focused sessions (prolonged exposure and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing), one hour of exercise, and one hour of psychoeducation. All participants experienced multiple traumas, and 85.6% reported one or more comorbid psychiatric disorders. PTSD symptoms and diagnoses were assessed with the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5), and self-reported symptoms were assessed with the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5).

          Results: A significant decline in PTSD symptoms (CAPS-5 and PCL-5) from pretreatment to one-month follow-up (Cohen's d = 1.13 and 1.59) was observed and retained at six-month follow-up (Cohen's d = 1.47 and 1.63). After one month, 52.4% of the patients no longer met the diagnostic criteria for PTSD (CAPS-5). The Reliable Change Index (RCI) shows that 73.9% of patients showed improvement on the CAPS-5 and 77.61% on the PCL-5. Additionally, 21.77% (CAPS-5) and 20.0% (PCL-5) showed no change, while 4.84% (CAPS-5) and 2.96% (PCL-5) showed symptom worsening.

          Discussion: The results show that an intensive outpatient trauma treatment programme, including two evidence-based trauma-focused treatments, exercise, and psychoeducation, is effective for patients suffering from PTSD as a result of multiple traumatization. Subsequent research should focus on more controlled studies comparing the treatment programme with other intensive trauma treatments and less frequent routine treatment.

          HIGHLIGHTS

          • Intensive outpatient trauma treatment is effective in treating PTSD.

          • Six days of combining prolonged exposure, EMDR, exercise and psycho-education seems feasible and effective in treating PTSD.

          • 73.9% of the patients show improvement on the CAPS-5 and 77.61% show improvement on the PCL-5, symptom worsening was there in 4,84, respectively 2.96%.

          Translated abstract

          Introducción: Las investigaciones han mostrado que la combinación de diferentes tratamientos para TEPT basados en la evidencia para pacientes con TEPT en una modalidad hospitalaria intensiva parece ser un enfoque prometedor para aumentar la eficiencia y reducir las tasas de abandono generalmente altas.

          Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de un tratamiento ambulatorio intensivo de seis días focalizado en trauma para pacientes con TEPT.

          Método: Fueron incluidos en el análisis los datos de 146 pacientes (89.7% mujeres, edad media = 36.79, DE = 11.31) con TEPT debido a traumatización múltiple. El programa de tratamiento consistió en seis días de tratamiento durante dos semanas, con dos sesiones individuales diarias de 90 minutos focalizadas en trauma (exposición prolongada y desensibilización y reprocesamiento por movimientos oculares), una hora de ejercicio y una hora de psicoeducación. Todos los participantes experimentaron múltiples traumas y el 85.6% reportó uno o más trastornos psiquiátricos comórbidos. Los síntomas y diagnóstico de TEPT se evaluaron con la escala de TEPT administrada por el clínico según el DSM-5 (CAPS-5) y los síntomas autoinformados se evaluaron con la lista de verificación de TEPT según el DSM-5 (PCL-5).

          Resultados: Se observó una disminución significativa en los síntomas de TEPT (CAPS-5 y PCL-5) desde el pretratamiento hasta el seguimiento al mes ( d de Cohen = 1.13 y 1.59) y se mantuvo a los seis meses de seguimiento ( d de Cohen = 1.47 y 1.63). Después del mes, el 52,4% de los pacientes ya no cumplían los criterios diagnósticos de TEPT (CAPS-5). El índice de Cambio Confiable (RCI por sus siglas en inglés) muestra que el 73,9% de los pacientes mostraron una mejoría en el CAPS-5 y el 77,61% en el PCL-5. Además, el 21,77% (CAPS-5) y el 20,0% (PCL-5) no mostraron cambios, mientras que el 4,84% (CAPS-5) y el 2,96% (PCL-5) mostraron un empeoramiento de los síntomas.

          Discusión: Los resultados muestran que un programa de tratamiento ambulatorio intensivo para trauma, que incluye dos tratamientos focalizados en trauma basados en la evidencia, ejercicio y psicoeducación, es efectivo para pacientes que sufren de TEPT como resultado de una traumatización múltiple. La investigación posterior debería centrarse en estudios más controlados que comparen el programa de tratamiento con otros tratamientos intensivos para para trauma y tratamientos de rutina menos frecuentes.

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          The Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5): Development and Initial Psychometric Evaluation.

          The Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL) is a widely used DSM-correspondent self-report measure of PTSD symptoms. The PCL was recently revised to reflect DSM-5 changes to the PTSD criteria. In this article, the authors describe the development and initial psychometric evaluation of the PCL for DSM-5 (PCL-5). Psychometric properties of the PCL-5 were examined in 2 studies involving trauma-exposed college students. In Study 1 (N = 278), PCL-5 scores exhibited strong internal consistency (α = .94), test-retest reliability (r = .82), and convergent (rs = .74 to .85) and discriminant (rs = .31 to .60) validity. In addition, confirmatory factor analyses indicated adequate fit with the DSM-5 4-factor model, χ2 (164) = 455.83, p < .001, standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) = .07, root mean squared error of approximation (RMSEA) = .08, comparative fit index (CFI) = .86, and Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) = .84, and superior fit with recently proposed 6-factor, χ2 (164) = 318.37, p < .001, SRMR = .05, RMSEA = .06, CFI = .92, and TLI = .90, and 7-factor, χ2 (164) = 291.32, p < .001, SRMR = .05, RMSEA = .06, CFI = .93, and TLI = .91, models. In Study 2 (N = 558), PCL-5 scores demonstrated similarly strong reliability and validity. Overall, results indicate that the PCL-5 is a psychometrically sound measure of PTSD symptoms. Implications for use of the PCL-5 in a variety of assessment contexts are discussed.
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            Clinical significance: A statistical approach to defining meaningful change in psychotherapy research.

            In 1984, Jacobson, Follette, and Revenstorf defined clinically significant change as the extent to which therapy moves someone outside the range of the dysfunctional population or within the range of the functional population. In the present article, ways of operationalizing this definition are described, and examples are used to show how clients can be categorized on the basis of this definition. A reliable change index (RC) is also proposed to determine whether the magnitude of change for a given client is statistically reliable. The inclusion of the RC leads to a twofold criterion for clinically significant change.
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              The Brief Symptom Inventory: an introductory report.

              This is an introductory report for the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), a brief psychological self-report symptom scale. The BSI was developed from its longer parent instrument, the SCL-90-R, and psychometric evaluation reveals it to be an acceptable short alternative to the complete scale. Both test--retest and internal consistency reliabilities are shown to be very good for the primary symptom dimensions of the BSI, and its correlations with the comparable dimensions of the SCL-90-R are quite high. In terms of validation, high convergence between BSI scales and like dimensions of the MMPI provide good evidence of convergent validity, and factor analytic studies of the internal structure of the scale contribute evidence of construct validity. Several criterion-oriented validity studies have also been completed with this instrument.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Eur J Psychotraumatol
                Eur J Psychotraumatol
                European Journal of Psychotraumatology
                Taylor & Francis
                2000-8066
                26 April 2024
                2024
                26 April 2024
                : 15
                : 1
                : 2341548
                Affiliations
                Altrecht Academic Anxiety Centre , Utrecht, the Netherlands
                Author notes
                [CONTACT ] Suzy J. M. A. Matthijssen s.matthijssen@ 123456altrecht.nl Altrecht Academic Anxiety Centre , Altrecht GGZ, Nieuwe Houtenseweg 12, 3524 SH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
                Article
                2341548
                10.1080/20008066.2024.2341548
                11057464
                38665124
                4ddcb96c-e3d6-4381-90eb-ad3cd7c15e4f
                © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The terms on which this article has been published allow the posting of the Accepted Manuscript in a repository by the author(s) or with their consent.

                History
                Page count
                Figures: 3, Tables: 3, Equations: 0, References: 48, Pages: 11
                Categories
                Clinical Research Article
                Research Article

                Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                intensive treatment programme,ptsd,emdr,prolonged exposure,trauma,programa de tratamiento intensivo,tept,exposición prolongada

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