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      Eficacia antihelmíntica de tres endectocidas administrados por vía oral en caballos Translated title: Anthelmintic efficacy of three endectocides administered by oral route in horses

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          Abstract

          Con el propósito de evaluar la eficacia antihelmíntica de los endectocidas ivermectina, doramectina y moxidectina sobre el control del parasitismo gastrointestinal en equinos, se seleccionaron 20 caballos clínicamente sanos con recuentos fecales positivos a huevos de nemátodos. Los caballos fueron distribuidos homogéneamente considerando el peso vivo y el recuento fecal de huevos en 4 grupos de 5 animales cada uno. Grupo 1: control, sin tratamiento antihelmíntico; Grupo 2: tratados con ivermectina en dosis de 0,2 mg/kg vía oral; Grupo 3 tratados con doramectina inyectable , en dosis 0.2 mg/kg, reformulado mediante caolín y miel de abejas para la administración vía oral; Grupo 4: tratados con moxidectina , en dosis 0,4 mg/kg vía oral. De cada uno de los caballos se obtuvieron muestras de heces para recuento de huevos y coprocultivos, antes del tratamiento y a los 3, 6, 10, 20, 40, 60,90, 105, 125, 145 y 175 días post tratamiento. Los resultados obtenidos indican una reducción significativa (p<0.05), respecto del grupo control, en los promedios de recuentos fecal de huevos en los grupos tratados, desde el día 3 hasta el día 145 post tratamiento, manteniéndose este nivel de significancia hasta los 175 días post tratamiento solamente en el grupo tratado con moxidectina. La comparación de eficacia entre los endectocidas determinó que moxidectina presentó una eficacia más prolongada que ivermectina y doramectina.

          Translated abstract

          In naturally gastrointestinal nematodes infected horses the anthelmintic efficacy of the endectocides ivermectin (IVM), doramectin (DRM) and moxidectin (MXD) was evaluated. Animals were evenly distributed to 4 experimental groups: Group I, non treated horses, control; Group II treated with an oral dose of 0.2 mg/kg of IVM by oral route; Group III treated with a reformulated oral dose of 0,2 mg/kg of DRM; Group IV treated with an oral dose of 0.4 mg/kg of MXD. Faecal samples for parasites eggs count and larval cultures were collected before treatment at 3,6,10,20,40,60,90,105,125,145 and 175 days postreatment. Results obtained showed a significant reduction (p <0,05) in the faecal eggs count in treated group, from day 3 to day 145 post treatment. This level of significance remained until day 175 post treatment only in the group treated with moxidectin

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          Most cited references27

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          Ivermectin: a potent new antiparasitic agent.

          Ivermectin is the 22,23-dihydro derivative of avermectin B1, a macrocyclic lactone produced by an actinomycete, Streptomyces avermitilis. It is active at extremely low dosage against a wide variety of nematode and arthropod parasites, apparently by virtue of its action on the mediation of neurotransmission by gamma-aminobutyric acid. It is now in commercial use in various countries for the treatment and control of parasites in cattle, horses, and sheep, and is expected to become available for use in swine and dogs. Since studies with the drug in man are in a preliminary stage, it is not yet known whether ivermectin will be useful in human medicine.
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            Comparison of the pharmacokinetics of moxidectin (Equest) and ivermectin (Eqvalan) in horses.

            A study was undertaken in order to evaluate and compare plasma disposition kinetic parameters of moxidectin and ivermectin after oral administration of their commercially available preparations in horses. Ten clinically healthy adult horses, weighing 390-446 kg body weight (b.w.), were allocated to two experimental groups of five horses. Group I was treated with an oral gel formulation of moxidectin (MXD) at the manufacturers recommended therapeutic dose of 0.4 mg/kg bw. Group II was treated with an oral paste formulation of ivermectin (IVM) at the manufacturers recommended dose of 0.2 mg/kg b.w. Blood samples were collected by jugular puncture at different times between 0.5 h and 75 days post-treatment. After plasma extraction and derivatization, samples were analysed by HPLC with fluorescence detection. Computerized kinetic analysis was carried out. The parent molecules were detected in plasma between 30 min and either 30 (IVM) or 75 (MXD) days post-treatment. Both drugs showed similar patterns of absorption and no significant difference was found for the time corresponding to peak plasma concentrations or for absorption half-life. Peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) of 70.3+/-10.7 ng/mL (mean +/- SD) were obtained for MXD and 44.0+/-23.1 ng/mL for IVM. Moreover, the values for area under concentration-time curve (AUC) were 363.6+/-66.0 ng x d/mL for the MXD treated group, and 132.7+/-47.3 ng x d/mL for the IVM treated group. The mean plasma residence times (MRT) were 18.4+/-4.4 and 4.8+/-0.6 days for MXD and IVM treated groups, respectively. The results showed a more prolonged residence of MXD in horses as demonstrated by a four-fold longer MRT than for IVM. The longer residence and the higher concentrations found for MXD in comparison to IVM could possibly explain a more prolonged anthelmintic effect. It is concluded that in horses the commercial preparation of MXD presents a pharmacokinetic profile which differs significantly from that found for a commercial preparation of IVM. To some extent these results likely reflect differences in formulation and doses.
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              The absorption, distribution and elimination of anthelmintic drugs: the role of pharmacokinetics.

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                amv
                Archivos de medicina veterinaria
                Arch. med. vet.
                Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile (Valdivia )
                0301-732X
                2001
                : 33
                : 1
                : 69-75
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidad de Concepción Chile
                [2 ] Regimiento Nº 7 Chile
                Article
                S0301-732X2001000100008
                10.4067/S0301-732X2001000100008
                4dd255e7-dfdd-4516-b173-07bf2874d29e

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Chile

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0301-732X&lng=en
                Categories
                VETERINARY SCIENCES

                General veterinary medicine
                horses,anthelmintics,parasites,endectocides,equinos,antihelmínticos,parásitos,endectocidas

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