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      Complementary and Alternative Approaches to Pain Relief During Labor

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          Abstract

          This review evaluated the effect of complementary and alternative medicine on pain during labor with conventional scientific methods using electronic data bases through 2006 were used. Only randomized controlled trials with outcome measures for labor pain were kept for the conclusions. Many studies did not meet the scientific inclusion criteria. According to the randomized control trials, we conclude that for the decrease of labor pain and/or reduction of the need for conventional analgesic methods: (i) There is an efficacy found for acupressure and sterile water blocks. (ii) Most results favored some efficacy for acupuncture and hydrotherapy. (iii) Studies for other complementary or alternative therapies for labor pain control have not shown their effectiveness.

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          Most cited references60

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          The nature of labor pain.

          Nancy Lowe (2002)
          A somewhat paradoxic aspect of childbirth is the association of this physiologic process with acute pain. The experience of pain during labor is the result of complex processing of multiple physiologic and psychosocial factors on a woman's individual interpretation of nociceptive labor stimuli. The nature of labor pain, particularly its physiologic and psychologic influences, is reviewed in the context of a multidimensional framework of the pain experience and an understanding of the origin of labor pain stimuli, of potential adverse effects of the pain response, and of the concepts of suffering and comfort.
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            The myth of painless childbirth (the John J. Bonica lecture).

            R Melzack (1984)
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              Effects of massage on pain and anxiety during labour: a randomized controlled trial in Taiwan.

              To investigate the effects of massage on pain reaction and anxiety during labour. Labour pain is a challenging issue for nurses designing intervention protocols. Massage is an ancient technique that has been widely employed during labour, however, relatively little study has been undertaken examining the effects of massage on women in labour. A randomized controlled study was conducted between September 1999 and January 2000. Sixty primiparous women expected to have a normal childbirth at a regional hospital in southern Taiwan were randomly assigned to either the experimental (n=30) or the control (n=30) group. The experimental group received massage intervention whereas the control group did not. The nurse-rated present behavioural intensity (PBI) was used as a measure of labour pain. Anxiety was measured with the visual analogue scale for anxiety (VASA). The intensity of pain and anxiety between the two groups was compared in the latent phase (cervix dilated 3-4 cm), active phase (5-7 cm) and transitional phase (8-10 cm). In both groups, there was a relatively steady increase in pain intensity and anxiety level as labour progressed. A t-test demonstrated that the experimental group had significantly lower pain reactions in the latent, active and transitional phases. Anxiety levels were only significantly different between the two groups in the latent phase. Twenty-six of the 30 (87%) experimental group subjects reported that massage was helpful, providing pain relief and psychological support during labour. Findings suggest that massage is a cost-effective nursing intervention that can decrease pain and anxiety during labour, and partners' participation in massage can positively influence the quality of women's birth experiences.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Evid Based Complement Alternat Med
                ecam
                ecam
                Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM
                Oxford University Press
                1741-427X
                1741-4288
                December 2007
                15 March 2007
                : 4
                : 4
                : 409-417
                Affiliations
                Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Saint Vincent de Paul Hospital, University of Paris, Paris, France
                Author notes
                For reprints and all correspondence: Michel Tournaire, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Saint Vincent de Paul Hospital - University of Paris, 82 Avenue Denfert Rochereau 75014 Paris, France. Tel: +33 (0) 1 40 48 81 43; Fax: +33 (0) 1 40 48 83 97; E-mail: m.tournaire@ 123456svp.aphp.fr
                Article
                10.1093/ecam/nem012
                2176140
                18227907
                4d7a2a0e-fb71-4bf4-b524-867254517c6d
                © 2007 The Author(s)

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 5 November 2006
                : 16 January 2007
                Categories
                Reviews

                Complementary & Alternative medicine
                labor,biofeedback,pain,complementary and alternative medicine,stimulation,delivery,hypnosis,transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation,sterile water blocks,labor pain,hydrotherapy,homeopathy,sophrology,acupuncture,manual healing,yoga

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