Isolation of Functionalized Phenolic Monomers through Selective Oxidation and CO Bond Cleavage of the β-O-4 Linkages in Lignin

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Abstract

Functionalized phenolic monomers have been generated and isolated from an organosolv lignin through a two-step depolymerization process. Chemoselective catalytic oxidation of β-O-4 linkages promoted by the DDQ/tBuONO/O2 system was achieved in model compounds, including polymeric models and in real lignin. The oxidized β-O-4 linkages were then cleaved on reaction with zinc. Compared to many existing methods, this protocol, which can be achieved in one pot, is highly selective, giving rise to a simple mixture of products that can be readily purified to give pure compounds. The functionality present in these products makes them potentially valuable building blocks.

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Lignin depolymerization (LDP) in alcohol over nickel-based catalysts via a fragmentation–hydrogenolysis process

Weiqiang Yu, Jie Xu, Jiaying Cai … (2013)

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Chemoselective metal-free aerobic alcohol oxidation in lignin.

Alireza Rahimi, Ali Azarpira, Jie-Hoon Kim … (2013)

An efficient organocatalytic method for chemoselective aerobic oxidation of secondary benzylic alcohols within lignin model compounds has been identified. Extension to selective oxidation in natural lignins has also been demonstrated. The optimal catalyst system consists of 4-acetamido-TEMPO (5 mol %; TEMPO = 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl) in combination with HNO3 and HCl (10 mol % each). Preliminary studies highlight the prospect of combining this method with a subsequent oxidation step to achieve C-C bond cleavage.

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A biorefinery processing perspective: treatment of lignocellulosic materials for the production of value-added products.

Michael FitzPatrick, Pascale Champagne, Michael F Cunningham … (2010)

In the last decade, there has been increasing research interest in the value of bio-sourced materials recovered from residual biomass. Research that focuses on the use of extracted, recovered and/or synthesized bioproducts for direct industrial applications is essential for the implementation of sustainable approaches in a forward-looking bio-based economy. The effective use of biomass feedstocks, particularly lignocellulosic materials (plant biomass predominantly comprised of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin), in large-scale applications will evolve from innovative research aimed at the development and implementation of biorefineries--multi-step, multi-product facilities established for specific bio-sourced feedstocks. This paper presents recent advances in lignocellulosic biomass processing and analysis from a biorefining perspective. In addition, existing industrial biomass processing applications are discussed and examined within a biorefinery context. 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.