Overview of Inorganic Electrolytes for All-Solid-State Sodium Batteries

Abstract

All-solid-state sodium batteries (AS ³B) emerged as a strong contender in the global electrochemical energy storage market as a replacement for current lithium-ion batteries (LIB) owing to their high abundance, low cost, high safety, high energy density, and long calendar life. Inorganic electrolytes (IEs) are highly preferred over the conventional liquid and solid polymer electrolytes for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to their high ionic conductivity (∼10 ^–2–10 ^–4 S cm ^–1), wide potential window (∼5 V), and overall better battery performances. This review discusses the bird’s eye view of the recent progress in inorganic electrolytes such as Na-β”-alumina, NASICON, sulfides, antipervoskites, borohydride-type electrolytes, etc. for AS ³Bs. Current state-of-the-art inorganic electrolytes in correlation with their ionic conduction mechanism present challenges and interfacial characteristics that have been critically reviewed in this review. The current challenges associated with the present battery configuration are overlooked, and also the chemical and electrochemical stabilities are emphasized. The substantial solution based on ongoing electrolyte development and promising modification strategies are also suggested.