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      Envelhecimento ativo: prevalência e diferenças de gênero e idade em estudo de base populacional Translated title: Envejecimiento activo: prevalencia y diferencias de género y edad en estudio de base poblacional Translated title: Active aging: prevalence and gender and age differences in a population-based study

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          Abstract

          O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as prevalências e as diferenças de gênero e idade em indicadores de envelhecimento ativo entre idosos participantes do Inquérito de Saúde do Município de Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil, 2014-2015. Estimaram-se as prevalências de participação dos idosos em doze atividades relativas a quatro dimensões, e as razões de prevalência foram calculadas pela regressão de Poisson. A população de estudo foi composta por 986 idosos. Os resultados revelaram que 40,2% dos idosos participavam de atividades socioculturais, 25,3% eram fisicamente ativos no lazer, 21,7% usavam a Internet, 22,1% exerciam trabalho remunerado e apenas 2,6% realizavam cursos. Quanto à dimensão social, só houve diferença entre os sexos na frequência aos cultos religiosos, sendo menos prevalente entre os homens (RP = 0,67). Na dimensão da atividade física, os homens eram mais ativos no trabalho (RP = 2,10), no deslocamento (RP = 1,61) e no lazer (RP = 1,44). Na dimensão intelectual, não houve diferença entre os sexos e, em relação ao trabalho remunerado, os homens eram mais ativos (RP = 1,78). As análises segundo faixas etárias evidenciaram que, entre os homens, apenas a prática de atividade física no trabalho e o exercício de trabalho remunerado apresentaram menor prevalência no grupo de 80 anos e mais. Entre as mulheres mais longevas, foram identificadas menores prevalências em seis atividades, o que sinaliza possível efeito diverso do avanço da idade entre os sexos. Os resultados revelam expressiva participação dos idosos em alguns dos indicadores do envelhecimento ativo e os desafios no que concerne às atividades pouco realizadas e às diferenças de participação entre os sexos.

          Translated abstract

          El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las tasas de prevalencia y las diferencias de género y edad en los indicadores de envejecimiento activo en adultos mayores que participan en la Encuesta de Salud del Municipio de Campinas, estado de São Paulo, Brasil (2014-2015). Estimamos las tasas de prevalencia para la participación de los ancianos en doce actividades relacionadas con cuatro dimensiones y calculamos las tasas de prevalencia con la regresión de Poisson. La población de estudio consistió en 986 ancianos. Los resultados mostraron que el 40,2% de los adultos mayores participaban en actividades socioculturales, el 25,3% era físicamente activo en su tiempo libre, el 21,7% utilizaba Internet, el 22,1% realizaba trabajo remunerado y solo el 2,6% asistía a cursos. En la dimensión social, la única diferencia de género estaba en la práctica religiosa, que era menos frecuente en los hombres (RP = 0,67). En la dimensión de la actividad física, los hombres eran más activos en el trabajo (PR = 2,10), en los desplazamientos diarios (PR = 1,61) y en su tiempo libre (PR = 1,44). No hubo diferencia de género en la dimensión intelectual, y los hombres eran más activos en el trabajo remunerado, (PR = 1,78). Los análisis por grupos de edad mostraron que en los hombres, solo la actividad física en el trabajo y el trabajo remunerado presentaron una prevalencia más baja en el grupo de 80 años y más. Entre las mujeres ancianas de mayor edad, se observaron tasas de prevalencia más bajas en seis actividades, lo que sugiere un posible efecto diferencial de la edad avanzada entre los sexos. Los resultados muestran tasas importantes de participación de personas mayores en algunos indicadores de envejecimiento activo, además de desafíos en actividades que se realizan con poca frecuencia y diferencias de género en la participación.

          Translated abstract

          The aim of this study was to analyze prevalence rates and gender and age differences in indicators of active aging in elders participating in the Campinas Municipal Health Survey in Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil (2014-2015). We estimated prevalence rates for participation by the elderly in twelve activities pertaining to four dimensions and calculated the prevalence ratios with Poisson regression. The study population consisted of 986 elderly. The results showed that 40.2% of the elderly participated in sociocultural activities, 25.3% were physically active in their leisure time, 21.7% used the Internet, 22.1% performed paid work, and only 2.6% were taking courses. In the social dimension, the only gender difference was in religious practice, which was less prevalent in men (PR = 0.67). In the dimension of physical activity, men were more active at work (PR = 2.10), in commuting (PR = 1.61), and in their leisure time (PR = 1.44). There was no gender difference in the intellectual dimension, and men were more active in paid work, (PR = 1.78). The analyses by age brackets showed that in men, only physical activity at work and paid work presented lower prevalence in the group eighty years and older. Among the oldest elderly women, lower prevalence rates were seen in six activities, which suggests a possible differential effect of advanced age between the sexes. The results show important rates of participation by elderly in some indicators of active aging, besides challenges in activities that are performed rarely and gender differences in participation.

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          Most cited references17

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          Barriers and motivations to exercise in older adults.

          Although exercise is an established component in the management of many chronic diseases associated with aging, activity levels tend to progressively decline with increasing age. Given the growing proportion of older adults, these suboptimal levels of physical activity represent an increasing public health problem. The predicators of adherence elucidated in younger adults are unreliable in elderly populations. Age-specific barriers and motivators unique to this cohort are relevant and must be acknowledged. The identification of reliable predictors of exercise adherence will allow healthcare providers to effectively intervene and change patterns of physical activity in sedentary elderly. In particular, because older patients respect their physician's advice and have regular contact with their family doctor, physicians can play a key and pivotal role in the initiation and maintenance of exercise behavior among the older population.
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            Individual Characteristics and Physical Activity in Older Adults: A Systematic Review.

            People aged 50 years and older are regularly identified as the most sedentary group in the population. However, even within this group, there are considerable interindividual variations in physical activity (PA) levels. They have been the subject of many studies. Based on single studies, no clear picture as to which characteristics are important has emerged.
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              Relation of leisure time, occupational, domestic, and commuting physical activity to health indicators in Europe.

              To investigate relationships between physical activities in different domains (leisure time, occupational, domestic, commuting) and health indicators (self-rated health, body mass index). The short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and additional questions on domain specific physical activity were submitted face-to-face to 29,193 individual's age 15 years and older in the 27 member states of the Europe Union, 2 affiliated nations (Croatia, Turkey), and Cyprus North in 2005 as part of Eurobarometer 64.3. Leisure time physical activity (compared to no leisure time physical activity) was positively associated with self-rated health (males: Odds Ratio (OR)=2.85, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 2.27, 3.58; females: OR=2.77, 95% C.I. 2.16, 3.56) and inversely with obesity (males: OR=0.65, 95% C.I. 0.50, 0.83; females: OR=0.46, 95% C.I. 0.34, 0.63). Being in the highest quartile of the total volume of physical activity expressed using metabolic equivalents (in MET-min/week) (compared to being in the lowest quartile) was not related to self-rated health (males: OR=0.99, 95% C.I. 0.81, 1.21; females: OR=1.19, 95% C.I 0.98, 1.43) or obesity (males: OR=1.25, 95% C.I., 0.99, 1.59; females: OR=1.26, 95% C.I. 1.02, 1.57). Gender-specific effects were observed for other domains of physical activity. Analysis on national levels showed pronounced relationships of leisure time physical activity to health indicators. Domains of physical activity being related to health indicators, they may pertain to surveillance.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                csp
                Cadernos de Saúde Pública
                Cad. Saúde Pública
                Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                0102-311X
                1678-4464
                November 2018
                : 34
                : 11
                : e00173317
                Affiliations
                [1] Cuiabá Mato Grosso orgnameUniversidade Federal de Mato Grosso orgdiv1Instituto de Saúde Coletiva Brazil
                [3] São Paulo São Paulo orgnameUniversidade de São Paulo orgdiv1Faculdade de Saúde Pública Brazil
                [2] Campinas São Paulo orgnameUniversidade Estadual de Campinas orgdiv1Faculdade de Ciências Médicas Brazil
                Article
                S0102-311X2018001105007
                10.1590/0102-311x00173317
                30484561
                4cb467f4-0739-4bd2-b115-0b42f04ccec0

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 03 October 2017
                : 06 April 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 49, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Public Health

                Categories
                Artigos

                Envejecimento,Disparidades en el Estado de Salud,Género y Salud,Anciano,Aging,Health Status Disparities,Gender and Health,Aged,Envelhecimento,Disparidades nos Níveis de Saúde,Gênero e Saúde,Idoso

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