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      PREVALENCIA DE PARASITOSIS INTESTINALES EN LA COMUNIDAD RURAL APOSTADERO, MUNICIPIO SOTILLO, ESTADO MONAGAS, VENEZUELA Translated title: PREVALENCE OF INTESTINAL PARASITOSES IN THE RURAL COMMUNITY APOSTADERO SOTILLO MUNICIPALITY, MONAGAS STATE, VENEZUELA

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          Abstract

          INTRODUCCIÓN: Las enfermedades parasitarias a nivel intestinal aún tienen un papel importante en salud pública y son uno de los problemas médicos importantes, constituyendo una de las principales causas de morbilidad en niños en Latinoamérica, así también Venezuela. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de parasitosis intestinales en niños menores de 15 años en la población estudiada. METODOLOGÍA: El tipo de estudio fue observacional, descriptivo y de corte transversal, cada participante fue evaluado clínicamente y mediante un análisis coproparasitológico, las muestras fecales fueron estudiadas mediante examen directo en solución salina fisiológica y coloración temporal de lugol, y la aplicación de la Técnica de Kato. Dichas técnicas se realizaron directamente en comunidad rural. RESULTADOS: Se evaluaron 64 niños entre 0-15 años de edad, de ellos: 51,6% masculinos y 48,4% femeninos. 87,5% presentaron manifestaciones clínicas, siendo el bruxismo más frecuente, seguido de dolor abdominal. El hallazgo de parasitosis intestinales general fue 92,20%. Se diagnosticaron parasitosis por 14 especies diferentes, de ellos 9 eran protozoarios y 5 helmintos. CONCLUSIÓN: Se determinó una alta prevalencia de parasitosis intestinales en niños menores de 15 años, los helmintos más frecuentes fueron: Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura y Ancilostomideos con 72,9%, 47,5% y 33,9% respectivamente. Entre los protozoarios y cromistas destacan: Blastocystis spp(50,8%), Entamoeba coli (28,8%) y Giardia lamblia (23,7%). El poliparasitismo fue superior a 81,4% y las asociaciones más frecuentes fueron: Ascaris lumbricoides + Blastocystis spp (12,5%), seguido por Entamoeba coli + Ascaris lumbricoides + Trichuris trichiura (6,3 %).

          Translated abstract

          INTRODUCTION: The intestinal parasitic diseases still have an important role in terms of public health, and they are one of main medical problems, being one of the principle causes of morbidity in children in Latin America included Venezuela. Objectives: Establish the prevalence of intestinal parasites in children less than 15 years old in the studied population. METHODOLOGY: The type of study was observational, descriptive and cross-sectional, each participant was evaluated clinically and through coproparasitologic test, fecal samples were studied by direct examination in physiological saline solution and temporary stained with lugol, and application of Kato-Katz's technique. These techniques were performed directly in the rural community. RESULTS: 64 children between 0-15 years old were evaluated; 51,6% male and 48,4% female. 87,5% had clinical manifestations, being bruxism the most frequent, followed by abdominal pain. The overall finding of intestinal parasites was 92,20%. There were diagnosed parasitoses by 14 different species, 9 were protozoans and 5 were helminths. CONCLUSION: It was determined a high prevalence of intestinal parasites in children under 15 years old, the most common helminths were: Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and hookworm with 72,9%, 47,5% and 33,9% respectively. Among protozoans and chromists that stood out were Blastocystís spp (50,8%), Entamoeba coli (28,8%) and Giardia lamblia (23,7%). Polyparasitism was higher than 81,4% and the most common associations were: Ascaris lumbricoides + Blastocystis spp. 12,5%, followed by Entamoeba coli + Ascaris lumbricoides + Trichuris trichiura with 6,3%.

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          Soil-transmitted helminth infection in South America: a systematic review and geostatistical meta-analysis.

          The four common soil-transmitted helminth species-Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, and the two hookworm species Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus-are endemic in South America, but their distribution, infection prevalence, and regional burden are poorly understood. We aimed to estimate the risk and number of people infected with A lumbricoides, T trichiura, and hookworm across South America. We did a systematic review of reports on the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth infection in South America published up to May 14, 2012. We extracted and georeferenced relevant survey data and did a meta-analysis of the data to assess the geographical distribution of the infection risk with Bayesian geostatistical models. We used advanced Bayesian variable selection to identify environmental determinants that govern the distribution of soil-transmitted helminth infections. We screened 4085 scientific papers and identified 174 articles containing relevant survey prevalence data. We georeferenced 6948 survey locations and entered the data into the open-access Global Neglected Tropical Diseases database. Survey data were sparse for the south of the continent and for the western coast, and we identified no relevant information for Uruguay and little data for smaller countries such as Suriname, Guyana, French Guiana, and Ecuador. Population-adjusted prevalence of infection with A lumbricoides was 15·6%, with T trichiura was 12·5%, and with hookworm was 11·9% from 2005 onwards. Risks of contracting soil-transmitted helminth infection have substantially reduced since 2005 (odds ratio 0·47 [95% Bayesian credible interval 0·46-0·47] for A lumbricoides, 0·54 [0·54-0·55] for T trichiura, and 0·58 [0·58-0·59] for hookworm infection). Our findings offer important baseline support for spatial targeting of soil-transmitted helminthiasis control, and suggest that more information about the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth infection is needed, especially in countries in which we estimate prevalence of infection to be high but for which current data are scarce. UBS Optimus Foundation and Brazilian Swiss Joint Research Programme (BSJRP 011008). Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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            Salud indígena en el siglo XXI: parásitos intestinales, desnutrición, anemia y condiciones de vida en niños del resguardo indígena Cañamomo-Lomaprieta, Caldas-Colombia

            Introducción: la desnutrición, el parasitismo intestinal y la anemia son graves problemas de salud, estos comparten factores de riesgo y se manifiesta en forma conjunta, principalmente en grupos con condiciones de vida de alta vulnerabilidad como los niños indígenas. Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de parasitismo intestinal, desnutrición y anemia, y su asociación con condiciones de vida, en niños emberá-chamí de Colombia. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal y prospectivo con 184 niños. Se aplicó una encuesta sobre condiciones de vida y se realizaron mediciones antropométricas, hemograma, ferritina y parásitos intestinales por los métodos directo y de concentración formol-éter. Los datos se analizaron en SPSS 21, Anthro y Anthro plus, con frecuencias, medidas de resumen, chi cuadrado de Pearson, exacta de Fisher, U de Mann Whitney y t Student. Resultados: el 76% tienen viviendas con piso de cemento, 53% alcantarillado y 26% pozo séptico. El hacinamiento domiciliario afecta a 35% de las familias, la mediana de los ingresos monetarios familiares mensuales fue US$ 133 (48% del salario mínimo mensual). Se halló ferropenia en 2%, anemia en 13%, desnutrición global o en riesgo de desarrollarla 17%, desnutrición crónica 8% y en riesgo de desnutrición crónica 21%. La prevalencia de parasitismo intestinal fue de 93,5%, la prevalencia de parásitos patógenos fue 83,4% siendo mayor en niños con desnutrición global y crónica, cefalea y con dolor abdominal. Conclusiones: este estudio contribuye a los objetivos plasmados en Iniciativa de Salud de los Pueblos Indígenas de las Américas. El resguardo presenta altas prevalencias de parásitos intestinales, anemia y desnutrición y sus principales factores de riesgo, lo que evidencia la necesidad de mejorar programas de educación, atención en salud, control y seguimiento, dadas las graves consecuencias de estas infecciones y enfermedades en la salud individual y colectiva. (MÉD.UIS. 2014;27(2):29-39)
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              Amebiasis: aspectos clínicos, terapéuticos y de diagnóstico de la infección

              The description of Entamoeba dispar, and the recovery of Entamoeba moshkovskii from humans had a major impact in the epidemiology and clinical management of amebiasis. Infections range from asymptomatic colonization to hemorrhagic colitis and extra-intestinal diseases. Only a minority of amebiasis patients progress to the development of disease. Recent studies suggest that susceptibility to infection, and its outcome is influenced by the host, parasite genotype, and environment. The identification of Entamoeba histolytica is based on the detection of specific antigens by ELISA and DNA in stool and other clinical samples. Several diagnostic tests have been developed, including polymerase chain reaction, the technique of choice, for the detection and differentiation of E. histolytica, E. dispar, and E. moshkovskii. Combination of serologic tests with detection of the parasite DNA by PCR or antigen by ELISA offers the best approach to diagnosis. However, these techniques are impractical for clinical laboratories of developing countries. Clinicians must follow the guidelines of the World Health Organization to avoid unnecessary treatments. This review describes and discusses recent advances in amebiasis with emphasis in the clinical aspects and management of infection.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rccm
                Revista Científica Ciencia Médica
                Rev Cient Cienc Méd
                Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Mayor de San Simón. (Cochabamba, Cochabamba, Bolivia )
                2077-3323
                2017
                : 20
                : 2
                : 7-14
                Affiliations
                [02] orgnameUniversidad de Oriente orgdiv1Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Dr. 'Francisco Batisttini Casalta' orgdiv2Laboratorio de Parasitología Venezuela
                [01] orgnameUniversidad de Oriente orgdiv1Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Dr. 'Francisco Batisttini Casalta' orgdiv2Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina (SOCIEM) UDO Bolívar Venezuela jdbn_93@ 123456hotmail.com
                Article
                S1817-74332017000200002 S1817-7433(17)02000200002
                4c3e8a91-fc36-49e2-a5df-7149623810eb

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 18 November 2017
                : 15 October 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 31, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Bolivia

                Categories
                ARTÍCULOS ORIGINALES

                comunidad rural,prevalence,Intestinal parasites,rural community,prevalencia,Parasitosis intestinales

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