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      Recent advances in colour-tunable soft actuators

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          Abstract

          This review summarizes the recent advances of colour-tunable soft actuators, with emphasis on their colour-change mechanisms and highlighting their applications. 

          Abstract

          In nature, some creatures have the capability to change shapes to adapt to ever-changing environments, which greatly inspire researchers to develop soft actuators. To endow soft actuators with capabilities to interact with environment and integrate more feedbacks is of great significance. Colour-tunable soft actuators that provide colour change feedbacks have therefore attracted extensive attention. Based on either chemical-colour or structural-colour based materials, a variety of colour-tunable soft actuators enabling shape deformations (or locomotion) and colour changes have been prepared and hold promise for applications in soft robotics and biomedical devices. This review summarizes the recent advances of colour-tunable soft actuators, with emphasis on their colour-change mechanisms and highlighting their applications. Existing challenges and future perspectives on colour-tunable soft actuators are presented.

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          Highly stretchable electroluminescent skin for optical signaling and tactile sensing.

          Cephalopods such as octopuses have a combination of a stretchable skin and color-tuning organs to control both posture and color for visual communication and disguise. We present an electroluminescent material that is capable of large uniaxial stretching and surface area changes while actively emitting light. Layers of transparent hydrogel electrodes sandwich a ZnS phosphor-doped dielectric elastomer layer, creating thin rubber sheets that change illuminance and capacitance under deformation. Arrays of individually controllable pixels in thin rubber sheets were fabricated using replica molding and were subjected to stretching, folding, and rolling to demonstrate their use as stretchable displays. These sheets were then integrated into the skin of a soft robot, providing it with dynamic coloration and sensory feedback from external and internal stimuli.
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            Is Open Access

            Photonic crystals cause active colour change in chameleons

            Many chameleons, and panther chameleons in particular, have the remarkable ability to exhibit complex and rapid colour changes during social interactions such as male contests or courtship. It is generally interpreted that these changes are due to dispersion/aggregation of pigment-containing organelles within dermal chromatophores. Here, combining microscopy, photometric videography and photonic band-gap modelling, we show that chameleons shift colour through active tuning of a lattice of guanine nanocrystals within a superficial thick layer of dermal iridophores. In addition, we show that a deeper population of iridophores with larger crystals reflects a substantial proportion of sunlight especially in the near-infrared range. The organization of iridophores into two superposed layers constitutes an evolutionary novelty for chameleons, which allows some species to combine efficient camouflage with spectacular display, while potentially providing passive thermal protection.
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              Inside Cover: Synergistic N‐Heterocyclic Carbene/Palladium‐Catalyzed Umpolung 1,4‐Addition of Aryl Iodides to Enals (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1/2020)

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                NANOHL
                Nanoscale
                Nanoscale
                Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
                2040-3364
                2040-3372
                February 11 2021
                2021
                : 13
                : 5
                : 2780-2791
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Institute of Biomedical & Health Engineering
                [2 ]Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT)
                [3 ]Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
                [4 ]Shenzhen
                [5 ]China
                Article
                10.1039/D0NR07907C
                33514972
                4c3be412-2094-44f4-8fd5-a12b69c8438b
                © 2021

                http://rsc.li/journals-terms-of-use

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