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      Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation improves working memory in temporal lobe epilepsy: A randomized double‐blind study

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          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Aims

          This study investigated the impact of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) on working memory (WM) in refractory temporal lobe epilepsy (rTLE) and the underlying mechanisms.

          Methods

          In this randomized double‐blind study, 28 rTLE patients were subjected to an active or sham taVNS (a/s‐taVNS) protocol for 20 weeks (a‐taVNS group, n = 19; s‐ta VNS group, n = 9). Patients performed visual WM tasks during stimulation and neural oscillations were simultaneously recorded by 19‐channel electroencephalography.

          Results

          Compared with the baseline state, reaction time was significantly shorter after 20 weeks of taVNS in the a‐taVNS group ( p = 0.010), whereas no difference was observed in the s‐taVNS group ( p > 0.05). The power spectral density (PSD) of the theta frequency band in the Fz channel decreased significantly after a‐taVNS during WM‐encoding ( p = 0.020), maintenance ( p = 0.038), and retrieval ( p = 0.039) phases, but not in the s‐taVNS group (all p > 0.05).

          Conclusion

          Neural oscillations during WM were altered by taVNS and WM performance was improved. Alterations in frontal midline theta oscillations may be a marker for the effect of taVNS on cognitive regulation.

          Abstract

          In the randomized, double‐blind study, neural oscillations during WM were altered and WM performance was improved after taVNS treatment.

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          Most cited references68

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          Definition of drug resistant epilepsy: consensus proposal by the ad hoc Task Force of the ILAE Commission on Therapeutic Strategies.

          Patrick Kwan, Alexis Arzimanoglou, Anne T. Berg … (2010)
          To improve patient care and facilitate clinical research, the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) appointed a Task Force to formulate a consensus definition of drug resistant epilepsy. The overall framework of the definition has two "hierarchical" levels: Level 1 provides a general scheme to categorize response to each therapeutic intervention, including a minimum dataset of knowledge about the intervention that would be needed; Level 2 provides a core definition of drug resistant epilepsy using a set of essential criteria based on the categorization of response (from Level 1) to trials of antiepileptic drugs. It is proposed as a testable hypothesis that drug resistant epilepsy is defined as failure of adequate trials of two tolerated, appropriately chosen and used antiepileptic drug schedules (whether as monotherapies or in combination) to achieve sustained seizure freedom. This definition can be further refined when new evidence emerges. The rationale behind the definition and the principles governing its proper use are discussed, and examples to illustrate its application in clinical practice are provided.
          Article 0 comments Cited 661 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            An integrative theory of locus coeruleus-norepinephrine function: adaptive gain and optimal performance.

            Gary Aston-Jones, Jonathan D. Cohen (2005)
            Historically, the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine (LC-NE) system has been implicated in arousal, but recent findings suggest that this system plays a more complex and specific role in the control of behavior than investigators previously thought. We review neurophysiological and modeling studies in monkey that support a new theory of LC-NE function. LC neurons exhibit two modes of activity, phasic and tonic. Phasic LC activation is driven by the outcome of task-related decision processes and is proposed to facilitate ensuing behaviors and to help optimize task performance (exploitation). When utility in the task wanes, LC neurons exhibit a tonic activity mode, associated with disengagement from the current task and a search for alternative behaviors (exploration). Monkey LC receives prominent, direct inputs from the anterior cingulate (ACC) and orbitofrontal cortices (OFC), both of which are thought to monitor task-related utility. We propose that these frontal areas produce the above patterns of LC activity to optimize utility on both short and long timescales.
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              The θ-γ neural code.

              John Lisman, Ole Jensen (2013)
              Theta and gamma frequency oscillations occur in the same brain regions and interact with each other, a process called cross-frequency coupling. Here, we review evidence for the following hypothesis: that the dual oscillations form a code for representing multiple items in an ordered way. This form of coding has been most clearly demonstrated in the hippocampus, where different spatial information is represented in different gamma subcycles of a theta cycle. Other experiments have tested the functional importance of oscillations and their coupling. These involve correlation of oscillatory properties with memory states, correlation with memory performance, and effects of disrupting oscillations on memory. Recent work suggests that this coding scheme coordinates communication between brain regions and is involved in sensory as well as memory processes. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
              Article 0 comments Cited 532 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Yijun Song:
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0435-8627
                songyijun@ihcams.ac.cn
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): CNS Neurosci Ther
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): CNS Neurosci Ther
                Journal ID (doi): 10.1111/(ISSN)1755-5949
                Journal ID (publisher-id): CNS
                Title: CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics
                Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )
                ISSN (Print): 1755-5930
                ISSN (Electronic): 1755-5949
                Publication date (Electronic): 08 August 2023
                Publication date Collection: February 2024
                Volume: 30
                Issue: 2 ( doiID: 10.1002/cns.v30.2 )
                Electronic Location Identifier: e14395
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] General Medicine Department Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin China
                [ 2 ] Department of Intensive Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Tianjin China
                [ 3 ] Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
                [ 4 ] Department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang China
                Author notes
                [*] [* ] Correspondence

                Yijun Song, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 288 Nanjing Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300000, China.

                Email: songyijun@ 123456ihcams.ac.cn

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0435-8627
                Article
                Publisher ID: CNS14395 Other ID: CNSNT-2023-322.R1
                DOI: 10.1111/cns.14395
                PMC ID: 10848055
                PubMed ID: 37553557
                SO-VID: 4a159192-8304-4c38-9c2e-4138a427233a
                Copyright © © 2023 The Authors. CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
                License:

                This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date revision received : 08 June 2023
                Date received : 10 March 2023
                Date accepted : 27 July 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 7, Tables: 1, Pages: 11, Words: 7139
                Funding
                Funded by: The Science and Technology Project of Tianjin Medical Health commission
                Award ID: TJWJ2021MS001
                Funded by: Tianjin Key Medical Discipline (Specialty) Construction Project
                Award ID: TJYXZDXK‐076C
                Funded by: Tianjin Key Research and Development Plan, Key Project of Science and Technology Support
                Award ID: 20YFZCSY00010
                Funded by: Training Program for Young Professional technical backbones of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital
                Categories
                Subject: Original Article
                Subject: Original Articles
                Custom metadata
                source-schema-version-number 2.0
                cover-date February 2024
                details-of-publishers-convertor Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_JATSPMC version:6.3.6 mode:remove_FC converted:07.02.2024

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Neurosciences
                Keywords: frontal midline theta,neural oscillation,refractory temporal lobe epilepsy,transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation,working memory
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Neurosciences
                Keywords: frontal midline theta, neural oscillation, refractory temporal lobe epilepsy, transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation, working memory

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