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      Reynolds shear-stress and velocity: positive biological response of neotropical fishes to hydraulic parameters in a vertical slot fishway

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          Abstract

          The barriers created by dams can cause negative impacts to aquatic communities, and migratory fish species are directly affected. Fishways have been developed to allow the upstream passage of fishes through dams. In Brazil, after the implementation of environmental laws, these structures have been built based on European and American fishway designs. Studies have shown selectivity for different neotropical fishes in some Brazilian fishways, and the main challenge has been to promote upstream passage of a large number of diverse fish species. The patterns of flow circulation within the fish ladder may explain fish selectivity although few studies detail the fish response to hydraulic characteristics of fish ladder flow. This paper presents a laboratory study, where a vertical slot fishway was built in a hydraulic flume and the behavior of two neotropical fish species (Leporinus reinhardti and Pimelodus maculatus) were analyzed. The structure of flow was expressed in terms of mean velocity, Reynolds shear-stress and velocity fluctuation fields. The individuals of Leporinus reinhardti had higher passage success than Pimelodus maculatus in the laboratory flume. Both species preferred areas of low to zero Reynolds shear-stress values. In addition, different preferences were observed for these species concerning the horizontal components of velocity fluctuation.

          Translated abstract

          Interrupções em rios, como as causadas por barragens, provocam impactos negativos sobre as comunidades aquáticas e as espécies migratórias de peixes são diretamente afetadas. A fim de permitir a passagem de peixes, mecanismos de transposição são construídos junto a barramentos. No Brasil, após a implantação de leis ambientais, estas estruturas passaram a ser amplamente construídas e foram baseadas em projetos desenvolvidos na Europa e na América do Norte. Análises de mecanismos já construídos têm mostrado grande seletividade para espécies neotropicais e as demandas da diversa fauna de peixes neotropical são apresentadas como principal desafio ao projeto de passagens para peixes. Os padrões de escoamento dentro de escadas para peixes podem explicar a seletividade destes mecanismos, mas poucos estudos detalham a resposta dos peixes às características hidráulicas encontradas dentro das escadas. Este estudo apresenta uma análise realizada em um laboratório onde foi construída uma escada do tipo ranhura vertical e analisados os comportamentos de duas espécies neotropicais (Leporinus reinhardti e Pimelodus maculatus). O escoamento foi estudado considerando os campos de velocidade média, tensão cisalhante de Reynolds e flutuações de velocidades. Os indivíduos da espécie Leporinus reinhardti apresentaram maior sucesso de passagem do que os da espécie Pimelodus maculatus. Ambas as espécies preferiram áreas de tensão de Reynolds igual a zero. Além disso, diferentes preferências foram observadas para cada espécie em relação às componentes horizontais da flutuação da velocidade.

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          Developing a toolkit for fish passage, ecological flow management and fish habitat works

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            Hydraulics of Vertical Slot Fishways

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              Migraciones de peces de agua dulce en America Latina: algunos comentarios

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                ni
                Neotropical Ichthyology
                Neotrop. ichthyol.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Ictiologia (Maringá )
                1982-0224
                October 2012
                : 10
                : 4
                : 813-819
                Article
                S1679-62252012000400014
                10.1590/S1679-62252012000400014
                4a04e207-c10d-4208-97f0-43129c8172b3

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1679-6225&lng=en
                Categories
                ZOOLOGY

                Animal science & Zoology
                Leporinus reinhardti,Neotropical fish,Pimelodus maculatus,Velocity,Vertical slot

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